Hope Is the Thing with Feathers Meaning

â€Å"Hope† is the thing with feathers by Emily Dickinson â€Å"Hope† is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul†¦.. And sings the tune without the words†¦.. And never stops†¦. at all†¦. And sweetest†¦ in the Gale†¦. is heard†¦ And sore must be the storm That could abash the little Bird That kept so many warm I’ve heard it in the chillest land†¦ And on the strangest Sea Yet, never, in Extremity It asked a crumb †¦. of Me Dickinson defines hope by comparing it to a bird (a metaphor) . Stanza one Hope is a â€Å"thing† because it is a feeling; the thing/feeling is like a bird.Dickinson uses the standard dictionary format for a definition; first she places the word in a general category (â€Å"thing†), and then she differentiates it from everything else in that category. For instance, the definition of a cat would run something like this: a cat is a mammal (the first part of the definition places it in a category); the rest of the definition would be â€Å"which is nocturnal, fur-bearing, hunts at night, has pointed ears, etc. (the second part of the definition differentiates the cat from other all mammals). How would hope â€Å"perch,† and why does it perch in the soul?As you read this poem, keep in mind that the subject is hope and that the bird metaphor is only defining hope. Whatever is being said of the bird applies to hope, and the application to hope is Dickinson's point in this poem. The bird â€Å"sings. † Is this a good or a bad thing? The tune is â€Å"without words. † Is hope a matter of words, or is it a feeling about the future, a feeling which consists both of desire and expectation? Psychologically, is it true that hope never fails us, that hope is always possible? Stanza two Why is hope â€Å"sweetest† during a storm?When do we most need hope, when things are going well or when they are going badly? Sore is being used in the sense of very great or severe; abash means to make ashamed, embarrassed, or self-conscious. Essentially only the most extreme or impossible-to-escape storm would affect the bird/hope. If the bird is â€Å"abashed† what would happen to the individual's hope? In a storm, would being â€Å"kept warm† be a plus or a minus, an advantage or a disadvantage? Stanza three What kind of place would â€Å"chillest† land be? Would you want to vacation there, for instance? Yet in this coldest land, hope kept the individual warm.Is keeping the speaker warm a desirable or an undesirable act in these circumstances? Is â€Å"the strangest sea† a desirable or undesirable place to be? Would you need hope there? The bird, faithful and unabashed, follows and sings to the speaker (â€Å"I've heard it†) under the worst, the most threatening of circumstances. The last two lines are introduced by â€Å"Yet. † What kind of connection does â€Å"yet† establish with th e preceding ideas/stanzas? Does it lead you to expect similarity, contrast, an example, an irrelevancy, a joke? Even in the most critical circumstances the bird never asked for even a â€Å"crumb† in return for its support.What are the associations with â€Å"crumb†? would you be satisfied if your employer offered you â€Å"a crumb† in payment for your work? Also, is â€Å"a crumb† appropriate for a bird? Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"Hope is the Thing With Feathers,† is the VI part of a much larger poem called â€Å"Life. † The poem examines the abstract idea of hope in the free spirit of a bird. Dickinson uses imagery, metaphor, to help describe why â€Å"Hope is the Thing With Feathers. † In the first stanza, â€Å"Hope is the Thing With Feathers,† Dickinson uses the metaphorical image of a bird to describe the abstract idea of hope.Hope, of course, is not an animate thing, it is inanimate, but by giving hope feathers, she begins to create an image hope in our minds. The imagery of feathers conjures up hope in itself. Feathers represent hope because feathers enable you to fly and offer the image of flying away to a new hope, a new beginning. In contrast, broken feathers or a broken wing grounds a person, and conjures up the image of needy person who has been beaten down by life. Their wings have been broken and they no longer have the power to hope. In the second stanza, â€Å"That perches in the soul,† Dickinson continues to use the imagery of a bird to describe hope.Hope, she is implying, perches or roosts in our soul. The soul is the home for hope. It can also be seen as a metaphor. Hope rests in our soul the way a bird rests on its perch. In the third and fourth stanzas, Ads by Google| Famous Haiku Poems  Ã‚  Haiku Poetry  Ã‚  Flying Birds  Ã‚  Examples of Poems| | And sings the tune without the words And never stops at all. Dickinson uses the imagery of a bird’s continuous son g to represent eternal hope. Birds never stop singing their song of hope. The fifth stanza â€Å"And sweetest in the gale is heard† describes the bird’s song of hope as sweetest in the wind.It conjures up images of a bird’s song of hope whistling above the sound of gale force winds and offering the promise that soon the storm will end. Dickinson uses the next three lines to metaphorically describe what a person who destroys hope feels like. And sore must be the storm That could abash the little bird That kept so many warm. A person who destroys hope with a storm of anger and negativity feels the pain they cause in others. Dickinson uses a powerful image of a person abashing the bird of hope that gives comfort and warmth for so many.The destroyer of hope causes pain and soreness that hurts them the most. In the first line of the last set of stanzas â€Å"I’ve heard it in the chillest lands,† Dickinson offers the reader another reason to have hope. I t is heard even in the coldest, saddest lands. Hope is eternal and everywhere. The birds song of hope is even heard â€Å"And on the strangest sea. † Hope exists for everyone. In the last two lines, Dickinson informs us that the bird of hope asks for no favor or price in return for its sweet song. Yet never in extremity, It asked a crumb of me. Hope is a free gift.It exists for all of us. All we must do is not clip the wings of hope and let it fly and sing freely. Its song can be heard over the strangest seas, coldest lands, and in the worst storms. It is a song that never ends as long as we do not let it. This is the only poem of hers that does not stress the mental anguish of the poet. The only one. You can disagree. Great use of metaphors much like the feathers on a bird hope insulates us from some of the harsher realities of life! suggests hope is universal when talks about birds song without words hope is common to all people and all times†¦ Louise Posted on 2009-09 -28 | by a guest .: ah interesting :. I interperted the poem more as a reference. The hope can stand through much more hardship than the people themselves, but hope doesn't react as the way a bird would. A bird would sink into a slump, or fly from the complication, whereas hope would continue to be precious, reasuring the being and coaching its continuation. | Posted on 2008-03-10 | by a guest .: ah interesting :. I interperted the poem more as a reference. The hope can stand through much more hardship than the people themselves, but hope doesn't react as the way a bird would.A bird would sink into a slump, or fly from the complication, whereas hope would continue to be precious, reasuring the being and coaching its continuation. | Posted on 2008-03-10 | by a guest .: :. Dickinson defines hope with a metaphor, comparing it to a bird. Dickinson introduces her metaphor in the first two lines, â€Å"Hope is the thing with feathers/That perches in the soul. † Throughout the entir e poem, this metaphor develops through Dickinson’s comparison of characteristics between hope and a bird, whatever is being said of the bird applies to hope, and the application to hope is Dickinson's point in this poem.It is obvious that a bird â€Å"sings the tune,† but Emily’s version of a bird, â€Å"sings a tune—without the words, and never stops at all. † In the soul where this bird has perched on, sings wordlessly and without pause. Like the bird, hope comes from one’s soul, and â€Å"never stops at all,† meaning that an individual does not stop hoping. Like the tune without words, hope also is not a matter of words. It is a feeling about the future both of desire and expectation. The development of this metaphor continues as Dickinson describes how the bird reacts to hardships. A storm must be impossibly brutal to â€Å"abash the little bird. The bird continues to survive as it can be found everywhere. The â€Å"chillest lan d† to the â€Å"strangest sea,† symbolizes hope’s presence under the worst and most threatening circumstances. Hope reacts in the same way. For hope to be â€Å"abashed,† â€Å"sore must be the storm,† or fatal must be the hardship. â€Å"That kept so many warm† is an appropriate characteristic of hope and a bird. Similar to a bird’s constant and comforting melodies, hope’s constant reassurance â€Å"has kept so many warm† in times of hardships. | Posted on 2007-02-28 | by a guest .: :. Dickinson defines hope with a metaphor, comparing it to a bird.Dickinson introduces her metaphor in the first two lines, â€Å"Hope is the thing with feathers/That perches in the soul. † Throughout the entire poem, this metaphor develops through Dickinson’s comparison of characteristics between hope and a bird, whatever is being said of the bird applies to hope, and the application to hope is Dickinson's point in this poem. I t is obvious that a bird â€Å"sings the tune,† but Emily’s version of a bird, â€Å"sings a tune—without the words, and never stops at all. † In the soul where this bird has perched on, sings wordlessly and without pause.Like the bird, hope comes from one’s soul, and â€Å"never stops at all,† meaning that an individual does not stop hoping. Like the tune without words, hope also is not a matter of words. It is a feeling about the future both of desire and expectation. The development of this metaphor continues as Dickinson describes how the bird reacts to hardships. A storm must be impossibly brutal to â€Å"abash the little bird. † The bird continues to survive as it can be found everywhere. The â€Å"chillest land† to the â€Å"strangest sea,† symbolizes hope’s presence under the worst and most threatening circumstances.Hope reacts in the same way. For hope to be â€Å"abashed,† â€Å"sore must be the storm,† or fatal must be the hardship. â€Å"That kept so many warm† is an appropriate characteristic of hope and a bird. Similar to a bird’s constant and comforting melodies, hope’s constant reassurance â€Å"has kept so many warm† in times of hardships. | Posted on 2007-02-28 | by a guest Post your Analysis Message This may only be an analysis of the writing. No requests for explanation or general short comments allowed. Due to Spam Posts are moderated before posted.

King Philip’s War Essay

King Philip’s War lasted from 1675 to 1676. It was the bloodiest conflict between American colonists and Indians in the 17th century New England. By 1600, colonial settlers no longer depended on the Indians for survival; therefore they pushed into Indian Territory in Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island. To protect their lands, the Wampanoag chief, King Philip, also known as Metacom organized a federation of tribes, which in 1675 destroyed several frontier settlements. King Philip’s War was the beginning of the development of a greater American identity; the conflicts suffered by the colonists gave them a distinct identity than that of the subjects of the English crown. The first Thanksgiving feast took place in 1621. This celebration marked the partnership of the Native Americans and the colonists. That year, Massasoit signed a treaty with the Pilgrim governor promising to give aid against enemies; they maintained 40 years of peace. However after Massasoit died in 1661, this peace began to deteriorate. The population of the colonial settlers grew rapidly and soon they outnumbered the Indians. Therefore, Europeans and the Indians frequently fought overland. When Metacom became sachem he was amid Plymouth Colony’s demands for land. He was humiliated several times, and forced to admit guilt and surrender. He then soon became angry at the colonists because they forced him not to sell Wampanoag without seeking their council first. Benjamin Church is considered the father of  American ranging. He was the captain of the first  Ranger force in America. Church was commissioned by the Governor of the  Plymouth Colony  Josiah Winslow  to form the first ranger company for  King Philip’s War. He played a unique and crucial role in King Philip’s War because he developed friendship with Native Americans and worked to understand and learn from those who lived near his frontier home. Church designed his force primarily to emulate Indian patterns of war. Toward this end, he endeavored to learn to fight like Indians from Indians. Philip and his followers went to New York hoping to find recruit and supplies. However Edward Andros, the governor of New York feared that the war might spread to his colony, therefore, he formed allies with the Mohawks who were enemies of Wampanoag. The Mohawks attacked Philip’s forces, and he returned to the New England colonies. On Aug. 12, 1676, a Wampanoag informer named Alderman killed King Philip. Philip was beheaded and quartered, and his head was displayed on a pole in Plymouth for more than 20 years.

Analysis Managing Dynamic New Melbourne Team

One of the essential activities of manager is forming a team to execute the task and managing the team effectively to achieve the goal and objective of the company. Effective team management is directly related with cohesive leadership, effective communication, common goal and defining roles and responsibilities of team members (Meredith, 2011). The major barrier in team management is the lack of trust, fear of conflict, lack of commitment, lack of accountability and not paying attention to results. In the context of Dynamic, the team management of the new team at Melbourne is examined by task interdependence, importance of team cohesion and recommendation to manage the issue by Jeff at company. Task interdependence can be defined as a functional approach that explains the sharing of information, material and expertise between team members working to achieve the common goal of the team (Cannella, Park, and Lee, 2008). In the process of defining the task interdependence in some cases there is accelerated chance of conflicts between team members and it impacts the team cohesion. Team cohesion is the common bond between members of team and their joint effort to contribute to success of the team.   Thus team cohesion results in better cooperation and effective performance by achieving set goal. Lack of cohesion is harmful for the health of the team and impact the performance negatively by enhancing stress and non cooperation on the part of team members (Cannella, Park, and Lee, 2008). Thus in the long run cohesion in the workplace signifies success of team while lack of cohesion signifies failure of the team thereby impacting the performance and goal of the company. In the context of Dynamic the digital strategy director Jeff formed a team of eight members to execute the Burnfit account. The team is mix of members from Dynamic and MediaHype, the new acquisition of the former in Melbourne to expand the business in Australia (Dyer, 2007). As the project was crucial, team members were assigned roles and responsibility and three deliverables identified to be achieved by month end. The reporting structure of the team members was also clarified as they were directly reporting to the director to avoid waste of time by creating additional line of reporting (Dyer, 2007). Thus every step taken to make the team perform such as effective communication, common goal and defining roles and responsibilities of team members. But the problem was team cohesion among the members of the team. The problem associated with the lack of team cohesion within the Dynamic is outlined below As the team was formed by combining the staff from two different company namely Dynamic and MediaHype, there is difference in the culture and work approach resulting in lack of trust on each other and fear of conflict. Thus in first weak every member expressed positive feedback as part of formality (Mackin, 2007). Even Jeff found flow of mails between team members indicating the team is working towards goal as is evident from the case study. The first team meeting also exhibited the same with no team members raising any issue and problem. From the cash study analysis it was evident that the team from MediaHype and Dynamic did not coordinate and support each other effectively. In the second week meeting Anjana Singh –the web editor and content strategist complained that she did not get the feedback regarding the progress of new website from the Yuchou and Wen – the senior digital strategy consultant (Mackin, 2007). Similarly Mike –the social media manager also complained about Yuchou and Wen and stated that they were not serious about the project and informed to proceed as he feels without contributing their opinion. Similarly from the case study analysis it was evident that the Dynamic team Sydney and Dynamic team Singapore also exhibited lack of cohesion In the third week Yuchou and Wen complained that team of Sydney Franz and Amanda – Junior digital strategy consultant were not fit for the job and need to be replaced (Simsek et al., 2005). They also stated both of them lacked the confidence for executing the task and disturb them by asking questions all the time. Thus it is evident from the case study analysis that there is no bonding between the team members and it resulted in lack of communication and cooperation and it is root cause of the problems associated with the lack of team cohesion within the company (Simsek et al., 2005). Organizational behaviour (OB) is part of human resource management and it deal with the behaviour of people at workplace with regard to their act, feeling and thought process. It explains the leadership style and motivation to address problem and solve team conflict to improve cooperation thereby promoting team effectiveness (Wright, and Nishii, 2007). OB has many theories to handle the problem of team in the workplace and they can be classified into five major theories. They are explained below This theory of OB identifies the personality of individuals such as dispositional trait and behavioural dynamics to improve the team work in the workplace (Wright, and Nishii, 2007). This theory of OB identifies the inner urge of indiviaul and uses them to improve team work in the workplace. The theory of motivation has number of sub theory such as common sense theory, expectancy theory, goal setting theory, fundamental attribution theory, Herzberg’s two factor theory and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory (Burke et al., 2006). Based on the team requirement, the manager can select the appropriate theory to motivate members of team. This theory of OB identifies the Gestalt principles that shape the perceived though of an individual. It helps to address such as lack of trust, and fear of conflict in team members (Burke et al., 2006). This theory of OB identifies aims to adjust the attitude and behaviour of individual to develop common bond (Edwards, 2009). It uses organisational behaviour modification, single and double loop learning, reinforcement theory and social cognitive theory. In the context of Dynamic where the eight members team belong to three different category namely Dynamic Singapore, Dynamic Sydney and MediaHype leading to diverse attitude and behaviour owing to the earlier workplace practice (Bowditch, Buono, and Stewart, 2007). Thus using OB theory to analyse Dynamic’s problems it was identified that the attitude and behaviour of team members of three different work culture was the main issue responsible for lack of team cohesion (Rollinson,   2008). It is is resulting from the lack of trust, fear of conflict, lack of commitment, lack of accountability and not paying attention to results (Bowditch, Buono, and Stewart, 2007). It resulted in no cooperation and coordination between team members impacting task and performance as evident from the case analysis of problem outlined above. To formulate solution to Dynamic’s problems, the Theories of attitudes and behaviour is helpful. In specific organisational behaviour modification theory can be used to change the attitude and behaviour of eight individuals and cultivate a common bond and shared goal towards the Burnfit account so that they coordinate and cooperate with each other by communicating effectively and providing feedback on time to make progress in the work and achieve the target set for the job (Mullins, 2007). The manager can also use the Theories of motivation to be more specific common sense theory that not supporting each other is failure of the team and it affects every individual in the team Thus it can be concluded form the above discussion problem associated with lack of team cohesion within the new team of Dynamic is outlined. It is mainly related with different work culture practiced by eight team members from three different group and lack of trust and fear of conflict that resulted in poor team cohesion (De   and Den ,2008). Based on the OB theory, the problem identified is attitude and behavioural aspect of team members and the solution suggested is using the organisational behaviour modification theory, their attitude and behaviour changed to develop common bond and shared goals related with Burnfit account. Bowditch, J.L., Buono, A.F. and Stewart, M.M., 2007. A primer on organizational behavior. Wiley. Burke, C.S., Stagl, K.C., Salas, E., Pierce, L. and Kendall, D., 2006. Understanding team adaptation: A conceptual analysis and model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), p.1189. Cannella, A.A., Park, J.H. and Lee, H.U., 2008. Top management team functional background diversity and firm performance: Examining the roles of team member colocation and environmental uncertainty. Academy of Management Journal, 51(4), pp.768-784. De Hoogh, A.H. and Den Hartog, D.N., 2008. Ethical and despotic leadership, relationships with leader's social responsibility, top management team effectiveness and subordinates' optimism: A multi-method study. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(3), pp.297-311. Dyer, W.G., 2007. Team building. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Edwards, M.R., 2009. An integrative review of employer branding and OB theory. Personnel review, 39(1), pp.5-23. Mackin, D., 2007. The team building tool kit: tips and tactics for effective workplace teams. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Meredith Belbin, R., 2011. Management teams: Why they succeed or fail. Human Resource Management International Digest, 19(3). Mullins, L.J., 2007. Management and organisational behaviour. Pearson education. Rollinson, D., 2008. Organisational behaviour and analysis: an integrated approach. Pearson Education. Simsek, Z., Veiga, J.F., Lubatkin, M.H. and Dino, R.N., 2005. Modeling the multilevel determinants of top management team behavioral integration. Academy of Management Journal, 48(1), pp.69-84. Wright, P.M. and Nishii, L.H., 2007. Strategic HRM and organizational behavior: Integrating multiple levels of analysis. CAHRS Working Paper Series, p.468.

Rationale Essay with DP Plannning Grid - Written Assignment

Rationale with DP Plannning Grid - Written Assignment - Essay Example Bachelor of Science in nursing helps individuals to provide more logical patient care, hence enabling them to take more leadership obligation in an array of health-care settings. The central goals why I am interested in pursuing the BSN is to satisfy my life-long desire to be a nurse. Interestingly, since my childhood and when I was a fifth-grade student, I have been volunteering to help the elderly people at home and this motivate me to become a qualified nurse in the forthcoming future. In 2007, I graduated at Borough Community College and indeed I was proud and saw the day as magnificent. I am presently practicing at a hospital, in the medical care unit, as a registered nurse of day staff. Working as a nurse demands a high degree of devotion and I must acknowledge that nursing is an inspiring job that suits my personality impeccably. Therefore, I wish to return to school, thus achieving my lifelong dream of obtaining a bachelor degree in nursing for this will help me reach my full potential both as a nurse and as a person. I also want to be a well efficient nurse and since education makes a significant impact on the competency of nursing professionals, I find it essential to advance my level of edification by pursuing a BSN. In present-day world nurses must learn new knowledge, skills, and experiences which will enable them to transform healthcare practices in medical centers. During my studies, I would like to learn new knowledge such as being able to recognize diseases process, patient surveillances, and preventing mistakes. I will also like to learn skills such as caring toward my patients as it is an indispensable trait for nurses to eliminate worries in patients by offering effective guidance and psychotherapy. Caring was noted as factor that increases competence of nurses by certifying that nurses will

Culture and Family in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Culture and Family in Nursing - Essay Example A vital objective for health care providers, as for instance, is established in the increasing acknowledgment of the family's value to a child's recovery and the influence of child's infirmity on the family. The importance of understanding the impact of culture on family health and nursing is related to a considerate practice of the family, as it establishes a realism that confirms the analysis that professional nursing perform which is crucial to health care. As realization increases on the influence of culture, concern is heightened in improving the efficiency of the involvement, given inconsistencies of cultural diversity, and the survival of children of minority families. (Radin, N., & Goldsmith, R. 1983 p 18) psychological needs for identity and sense of historical continuity. The ethnic background influences our way of thinking, our way of feelings, our way of working, and our way of relaxing, our way of celebrating holidays and customs, our way of expressing our anxieties, our way of belief about illness or life and death. Patterns of ethnicity, strengthened by family custom and community association, can function in delicate ways, normally outside of our consciousness; but their influence may however be extensive, deep and compelling. These patterns are capable to perform a significant responsibility throughout the family life series, though influence may differ among groups and within a group itself. In few families who cling to customary ways, adhering to groups from their spiritual or cultural background and apart from all others, ethnic values and classifications may be predominantly strong and probably to be kept for generations (Pleck 2000 p 48) Gender - a study shows that children at two and a half years of age practice gender classifications in negotiating their humanity and are possible to simplify gender classifications to several of activities, objects, and professions. Children yet refuse the truth of what they are perceiving when it does not correspond to their gender principles, such as the interpretation of a child that only men are doctors, when his or her mother is. Sons have a precise boundary concerning parental choices with regard to children; as majority of parents rather have male than female children, recognized all over the world. In the same manner, people who favor sons are more possible to apply technology for deciding on the sex of their child. This inclination for male children, furthermore, is accentuated by the ruling that parents are more possibly to maintain having children if they allow only girls than if they allow only boys. Explanations given by women for their choice for sons are to satisfy t heir husbands and to maintain the family name, and to be a companion to the husband. However, the reason for women desiring for daughters is their need for a companion for themselves and to have fun dressing a girl and doing her hair. 3 Parents influence their sons and daughters to get involve in sex-typed endeavors, as well as doll playing and managing housekeeping endeavors for girls and playing with trucks and participating in

SSADM Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

SSADM - Research Paper Example (Structured systems analysis and design method.2007) moreover, the SSADM is a system that helps to examine the information system as, well as to design pertaining system. Since 1980, the SSADM (Structure System Analysis & Design Method) technology was produced for the CCTA. In addition, this technology was related to UK government organizations that implement the SSADM technology. However, â€Å"SSADM† and â€Å"Structured System Analysis and Design Method† is a Registered Trade Marks of Office of Government Commerce (OGC) that is located in the United Kingdom’s Treasury (Great Britain Treasury Central Computer and, Telecommunications Agency, 2000). In order to make possible information system design, the SSADM technology relies on waterfall model to reach the destination. The SSADM can be originate as a core element for defined documented approach regarding system designing and help to evaluate an updated Rapid Application Development procedure such as DSDM. Dur ing development and growth, the SSADM is following a waterfall life cycle model that incorporates physical design stage study. In addition, the analysis stage includes intense association needs in SSADM. From every stage, the users are prepared to sign off guaranteeing that the requirements are satisfied. Furthermore, a number of illustrative representations related to the system are provided to the users in order to ensure better data understanding. The development projects related to the SSADM are further divided into series of phases, units, periods and tasks. Moreover, the data modeling is considered as a first model that is developed in SSADM. 2 SSADM Aims and Objectives In order to identify and classify projects that are suitable for SSADM project management, the SSADM will offer a framework. The SSADM in reality separates the projects that are related to the project development into small elements, project steps and procedures. The objectives of SSADM are mentioned below: Pro ject management is enhanced along with connected institutions. Better and improved usage of both skilled and unskilled employees. Enhanced and important systems are guaranteed. Employees’ loss is considered in all projects. Projects are assisted by computerized tools such as, integrated application engineering systems. A framework is formed for improved communication between the members of project. This framework incorporates all the tools related to the software development life-cycles, production stages and physical application design. 3 SSADM Advantages and Disadvantages SSADM leverages many benefits by using different techniques for determining visibility and capability of information systems. These techniques are considered as one of the major benefits of SSADM. Moreover, the identification of entities along with their relationships established within the system is tested by logical data modeling techniques. Moreover, logical data modeling technique shows changing data f rom its original state to the updated one. Furthermore, it also holds space for entities that are transmitted via routes that manages data flows within the system. Moreover, credentials pertaining to event modeling define the entities and their impact on business information systems. Consequently, these techniques encompassing perspectives and processes provides the most complete and to the point model.

Does Hand Hygiene Hompliance Increase among Staff Members Aware of a Essay

Does Hand Hygiene Hompliance Increase among Staff Members Aware of a Population of Immuno-Compromised Patients - Essay Example This Challenge is an international reality: no clinic, no hospital, no health-care system, no health post and no dispensary can presently say that compliance with hand hygiene suggestions is not an issue. â€Å"WHO Guidelines for Hand Hygiene in Health Care prepared with the help of more than 100 international experts, are in the testing and implementation phases in different parts of the world. Pilot sites range from modern, high-technology hospitals in developed countries to remote dispensaries in resource-poor villages† (World Alliance for Patient Safety: Who Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care (Advanced Draft); A Summary 2005, p. 5). In October 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the campaign for hand hygiene importance worldwide, with the theme â€Å"Clean Care Is Safer Care† (Patient Safety 2012) as part of the Hand Hygiene Health Care draft. This program has already caused many people and organizations to participate, the Ministries of Health from 124 countries agreed to collaborate to lower infection due to poor hand hygiene and support the efforts of WHO. (Allegranzi et al. 2009). Most pathogens transmitted by the hands of health care workers. (Doebbling et al. 1992). All patients on the department develop a side effect of they’re treatment called neutropenic sepsis. Neutropenic sepsis is defined as drop in the white blood cell count, which are the bodies major defense against infections. As some research has found that as little as 47% compliance of hand hygiene in health care workers (Randle et al. 2010). Identification of Research Question/Objectives/Problem/Hypothesis: The research question to be focused on this paper is: â€Å"Does hand hygiene compliance increase among staff members aware of a population of immunocompromised patients’’? Selection and Rationale for the Research Methodology: There are Two Methods of Research: By definition quantitative research deals with quantities and relat ionships   between attributes; it involves the collection and analysis of highly structured data in the positivist tradition (Bowling 2002). Whereas qualitative research can be described as a study of people in there natural social settings and to collect naturally occurring data (Bowling 2002).  Ã‚   Design Method Used: The researcher proposes to utilize the method of quasi experimental design , the method is, nevertheless, a very useful method for measuring social  variables. (Parahoo 2006). The inherent weaknesses in the methodology do not undermine the  validity  of the data, as long as they are recognized and allowed for during the whole  experimental process. Firm statistical analysis can be very difficult due to the lack of proper controls (Polit and Beck 2008). Quasi-experimental design includes choosing groups, upon which a variable is tested, with no any random pre-selection procedures. â€Å"For example, to perform an educational experiment, a class might be arbitrarily divided by alphabetical selection or by seating arrangement. The division is often convenient and, especially in an educational situation, causes as little disruption as possible† (Quasi-Experimental Design 2008). Differences of Quasi Experiment and a True Experiment:

How to be a global citizen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How to be a global citizen - Essay Example As a UCSB student and as a community member of Santa Barbara, I learn about social, economic and cultural differences between my high school and community and appreciate and respect each community’s strengths and limitations; I determine student behaviors and attitudes that enhance safety; and I realize what it means to be a global citizen by feeling that I socially belong to the university and the Santa Barbara community and by participating in their activities, not as an outsider, but as a meaningful member of society. Social, economic and cultural differences affect differences in my high school and UCSB and community experiences. Social differences are mostly in social practices. In UCSB, parties are commonly done outdoors at Isla Vista and other popular social hangouts. In high school, we do not normally go out because we do not have regular school outdoor parties. When there are parties, they are generally done indoors and under the strict supervision of high school teac hers and parents. Furthermore, UCSB and community parties are loud and extend to the wee hours of the morning, but not in my local community. Nelson and Campion (2014) described a typical Isla Vista party: â€Å"There were the token couples along the side of the street making out on cars†¦ the house music was loud as ever and Isla Vista seemed to be in its natural state.† In high school, such noisy activities and sexual practices are considered socially unacceptable and illegal.

Application for MBA Program at LONDON BUSINESS SCHOOL Essay

Application for MBA Program at LONDON BUSINESS SCHOOL - Essay Example n to learn leadership and management skills is the strategic decision-making process that was followed during the training session at my workplace in Power and Energy sector in India – Thermal and Hydro. At that time I was attached to a 2640MW Thermal power project where I took the lead on the acquisition of 2050 acres of land. My major role in this project was to obtain clearance of the project from every department under Central and the State Government, such as, Environment and Forest, Pollution, Civil Aviation, Defence. I had to make them understand the requirements of the project and also arrange finance in forma of debt or equity for the completion of the project. It enhanced my career goals and I got the opportunity to build strong leadership qualities. Along with my current experience, I participated in various trainings to shore up my communications, people development, business operations skills that enabled me to become a dynamic leader. I felt the need to broaden my horizon and understand various aspects of organizational culture, governance and the importance of globalization to stand out in the competitive business environment. My commerce degree and management exposure have secured a senior executive position in the organisation. Henceforth, a LBS EMBA program will prepare me to undertake more senior responsibilities (Director of Strategy & Innovation) by 2016. Being a leading Infrastructure company, Navayugahas made significant inroads into developing a strategic foray into Africa through multi modal projects that envisages bringing in South African coal to meet the needs of 14,000 MWs of coal fired projects that are coming up in the close proximity of the co-operated Krishnapatnam port. Being part of the business development team in recognising and now getting close to realising this opportunity, my organization is promoting talent development and opening opportunities for key resources to take the company to the next level. I believe I can

Andy Warhol and His work on the Contemporary Art Essay Example for Free

Andy Warhol and His work on the Contemporary Art Essay Andy Warhol (1928-1987) of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, less commonly known as Andrew Warhola, was a central figure in the pop art category. He is an American artist who reigned around the world as a painter, author, avant-garde filmmaker and as a public personage for his connection to many people of different fields of work and status. Warhol studied in Carnegie Institute of Technology (now known as the Carnegie Mellon University) to hone his artistry (www. artgallery. com, 2008). Warhol unify his works through the Keatonesque style which is aritistically and personally affectless. In his work s a Pop artist, conceptual aspects were always there as a key factor. His art was known for its irony, in most of its sense. Campbell’s soup cans was probably his most famous work. The mundane images he made were turned to the so-called ironic art through enlargement, hand-painting or silk-screening. He always mentioned that the idea of his work is always at the surface of his work, obvious, apparent. Other attributes of his work were slight color changes using ink spots (www. pbs. org, 2007). His work reveals contemporary art in such a way it concerns some human desires that never ceases to revolve around. He even made his film where he was an international celebrity and a pop artist. His experiences with many people brought him the ideas of what is contemporary, and made sure that no traces of the artists can be recognized from his artwork.

Assessment Of The Iranian Contra Affair Politics Essay

Assessment Of The Iranian Contra Affair Politics Essay The Iran-Contra affair was a controversial political scandal that dealt with senior US figures who had been facilitating the sale of arms to Iran, that was under an arms embargo, to secure the release of the hostages and to fund the Nicaraguan anticommunist rebel contras. While these two scandals were unconnected the contras would not have been able to be funded without the cash flow that the Iranian weapons money created. The operation began as a way to improve U.S. -Iranian relations during a time of extreme turmoil between the countries. The plan was to ship weapons to Israel who would in turn give them to a relatively moderate politically influential group of Iranians. Israel would in turn be resupplied and receive a payment from them. In return for the arms the Iranian recipients had promised to do everything in their power to have the 6 U.S. hostages, who were being held captive by the Lebanese Shia Islamist group Hezbollah. The plan eventually was broken down to a direct arms- for-hostages scheme that came to light in November of 1986 during the Reagan-Bush administration. Although November of 1986 is when the scandal came to light the origins came about seven years earlier in November of 1979 when nearly 500 Iranian students took over the American embassy taking 52 Americans hostage for 444 days. This was important because it was an earmark of one of the first major conflicts with the country of Iran. (Historycommons.org) Then in early 1980 the Israeli government proposed a deal to secretly sell arms to Iran as a means to gain diplomatic ground and a way to get the 52 hostages released, however President Carter angrily declines. The Israeli government then went on with the plan by themselves secretly supplying weapons to Iran shortly after. With the change in presidency from Carter to Reagan the US geared up to begin the shipment of arms to Iran through Israel. This however was illegal due to the Arms export act, which requires written permission from the U.S. for a nation, in this case Israel to transfer U.S. made arms to a third party. (Jonathanpoll ard.org) In a popular conspiracy theory, the October Surprise is said that Ronald Reagan conspired with the Islamic Republic of Iran to beat Jimmy Carter in the 1980 U.S. presidential election. The deal was apparently to have the Khomeini government keep the U.S. hostages at the U.S. embassy in Tehran until after the election, damaging Carters candidacy, afterwards Reagan would reward them with armaments. (danielpipes.org) This theory gained little notoriety due to it being relatively unbelievable until the Iran-Contra scandal came to light in 1986. After the commanding victory over President Jimmy Carter Reagan is sworn in to office and all 52 hostages are released ending the 444 days of captivity. (Danielpipes.org) The new Administration publicly maintained a hard line against Iran, a nation with little popularity due to the hostage taking and the murder of the CIA station Chief. Reagans Secretary of State, Alexander Haig, was quoted saying, Let me state categorically today there will be no military equipment provided to the government of Iran. However within weeks of this statement senior officials in the administration began putting together a continuing package of secret arms sales to Iran. (jonathanpollard.org) In 1982 Vice President George H. W. Bush asked CIA Agent and national Security Council Official Donald Gregg to serve as his national security adviser and foreign policy adviser who agreed and retired from the CIA. The two worked closely with CIA agent Felix Rodriguez, who was known for the interrogation and eventual execution of revolutionary Che Guevara, to help put together a covert operation to supply the Nicaraguan Contras with money, supplies, and weapons. Rodriguez and North later strike up a deal to divert funds and weapons to the Contras. Rodriguezs job was to set up the servicing of CIA transport planes at the Air Base. Later that year in December the first Boland Amendment restricted government support for Contras; the bill restricted US humanitarian aid to the Contras, and prohibited the use of U.S. funds for the purpose of overthrowing the government of Nicaragua. However the administration managed to get around the first of the three Boland Amendments by saying their he lp was only designed to force the group in charge, the Sandinistas to come to a peace agreement with the anticommunist Contras, and not to entirely bring the Nicaraguan government down. (spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk) March 17, 1983 the three had a secret meeting in the White House, which resulted in the National Security Council establishing a secret scheme to provide aid to the Contras. Rodriguez was placed in charge of the supply depot and placed at Llopango Air Base in El Salvador. In October of 1985 Congress modified the Boland Amendment by approving to send $27 million in non-lethal aid. (historycommons.org) As a result of this Reagan creates the Nicaraguan Humanitarian Assistance Office, or the NHAO in the State Department for the purpose of administering the money to the Contras. In the first of the NHAO organizations meetings Oliver North offered the services of Rodriguez to assist in distributing the $27 million in humanitarian aid meant for the Contras. Through the Air Base i n Llopango the legal NHAO and the illegal North fund distribution merge into one secret group. In 1984 Reagan publicly claimed to end aid to the Contras in accordance with the Boland Amendments. However men in his administration continue to support them. Late in 1985 Assistant Secretary of State Elliott Abrams joined the National Security Council and then joined Oliver North and Alan Fliers as the principal members of the Restricted Interagency Group (RIG), which worked on Central American Affairs for the Reagan Administration. Abrams, a large supporter of the anticommunists in Nicaragua became aware of Norths plans to divert Congresss approved 27 million dollars directly to the Contras despite being prohibited to do so. In effect Abrams became directly involved with in the illegal procedures to help the Nicaraguan rebel forces. Unaware of the illegal weapons exchange Congress approved another 100 million dollars for military and non-arms aid to the Contras. (Historycommons.org) In the month of August in 1983 the conservative talk show host Barbara Studley established GeoMiliTech (GMT) Consultants Corporation. After the start of the company a large number of right-wing, high ranking American and Israeli military officials became associated with the company, which had offices in both Washington D.C. and Tel Aviv. The Company began selling arms to Iran through Israel and North Korea. According to several authorities the motives for Israel are clear, which were to have the Iran-Iraq war go on as long as possible and to be as destructive as physically possible, however the motive for the U.S. is much less clear. Many believe that the founding of GMT was the beginning of the arms dealing to Iran by the U.S.. Later in the year the American government started Operation Staunch which asked other countries not to sell arms to Iran in hopes that it would bring peace talks in the Iran-Iraq war. In January of 1984 Iran was officially named a state sponsor of internation al terrorism, because of the large number of militant actions Hezbollah had been committing throughout the Middle East and Europe, a label that has not been lifted to date. In early March 1984 CIA Station Chief in Beirut, William Buckley, was kidnapped by the Muslim organization Islamic Jihad. Buckley would die in 1985 after 15 months of captivity. Buckleys kidnapping along with at least five others was a cited reason for the arms dealing to Iran, which spurred such controversy. (Historycommons.org) On May 8, 1984 the American reverend Benjamin Weir became the first in a string of kidnappings by Hezbollah in Beirut. He was held captive until September 1985, allegedly only being released due to the Israeli arms sales to Iran during the same year. In August of 1984 the National Security Advisor McFarlane asks the United States government to reconsider Iran as a sponsor for terrorism, but is denied. In December Peter Kilburn, a professor at the American University of Beirut became the second victim of kidnapping by Hezbollah militants, later to be murdered in 1986 for the US military strikes against Libya. In January of 1985 the second American pastor, Fri ar Lawrence Jenco, was kidnapped by the Hezbollah and would not be freed until July of 1986. The militant group Hezbollah kidnapped three more men in 1985, including reporter Terry Anderson, hospital administrator David Jacobsen, and an employee of Beiruts American University Thomas Sutherland, all of the men would eventually be released. Anderson was held hostage for seven years, which was considerably longer than any other American captive, and was released in 1991 due to the end of the civil war in Lebanon. (Nytimes.com) On June 11, 1985 the pro-Iran and pro-Iraq factions inside the White House met a boiling point when Robert McFarlanes National Security Council staff drafts the presidential directive supporting America helping Iran obtain weapons, whereas the opposing side headed by Secretary of State George Shultz and Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger remarked that the directive was almost too absurd to comment onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ However the arms-for-hostage deal went on as planned even with the strong objections by Shultz and Weinberger. After the Iranian sponsored Hezbollah kidnapped two more Americans, Reagan makes the statement that Iran is in a confederation of terrorist statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a new, international version of Murder Incorporated. And also went on record as saying, America will never make concessions to terrorists. Although privately authorizing his National Security Advisor, McFarlane, to make contact with Iran. McFarlanes plan was to win influence in Iran by helping it win in its war with Iraq. Reagan believed that the improvement in relations would help in the release of American hostages held in Lebanon by the Iran backed Hezbollah. (Nytimes.com) In July of 1985 Israeli representatives met with Iranian arms merchant Manucher Ghorbanifar for the first time to discuss brokering the United States-Iranian arms deal authorized by President Reagan, during this meeting the plan to have Israel sell arms to Iran while having America replenish Israeli stockpiles on weapons. (pbs.org) On August 6, 1985 Reagan hosted a meeting in the White House having to do with the arms-for-hostage deal with Iran, and is allegedly told by McFarlane that the Iranians will see to it that the Hezbollah in return for U.S. and Israeli arms will release four American hostages. Later that year in August Israel sent 96 TOW anti-tank missiles to Iran, however no hostages were released. In September, the now ex-National Security Advisor McFarlane takes twenty-three tons of weapons to Iran . (pbs.org) In September America had its first success in the arms-for-hostages arrangement, where Israel sold 500 U.S.-made TOW anti-tank missiles to Iran. As a result of the sale Iran released American hostage Benjamin Weir after over a year of captivity. In November of 1985 the CIA sent 18 Hawk anti-aircraft missiles on a CIA fronted plane to Iran by way of Israel only to have the Iranians reject the missiles because they did not meet their requirements after test firing. After the transfer of weapons the deputy director of the CIA, John McMahon, reportedly said that the agency could no longer provide covert assistance to Iran without written permission by president Reagan himself. Not even a month later Reagan agrees and authorizes the sale of missiles from that point on as well as retroactively. However that document was destroyed nearly a year later. (Nytimes.com) A day after the president signed the arms-for-hostages deal the pro-Iraq defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger warne d Reagan that There was no way in which this kind of transfer could be made if that particular act governed. However the president felt that the American public could not forgive him if he were not able to save the American hostages lives due to legality. (Jonathanpollard.org) Oliver North, the National Security Council, or NSC staffer who handled the Iran-Contra dealings told the Israeli Defense Ministry officials that he would use the profits from any future arms sales to Iran to directly fund the anti-communist freedom fighters Contras. In early 1986 North set up a network that illegally diverted funds from the Iranian arms sale to the Nicaraguan Contras by using the Bank of Credit and Commerce International, or the BCCI to channel the money to the Contras. The arms money from Iran was sent from the White House controlled account to Saudi Arabia to hide the origins and then deposited into the BCCI bank account controlled by the Nicaraguan rebel leader Adolfo Calero. In January of 1986 several White House officials met including Vice President George H. W. Bush, President Ronald Reagan, Secretary of State George Shultz, Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger, and CIA Director William Casey to discuss whether or not the U.S. should continue on with the ar ms-for-hostages dealings with Iran. Weinberger and Shultz are as they have been from the very beginning against any and all dealings with the terrorist state of Iran. Bush did not express an opinion either way, however later that month President Reagan will sign the authorization needed for the U.S. to allow Israel to sell 4,000 U.S.-made antitank missiles. According to several White House officials both the President and Vice president believed, that supporting Iran thwarts Soviet plans for Middle East domination, and by his own personal sorrow over the plight of the hostages. With the 1986 elections coming up however there were plenty of political reasons to continue with the arms dealings in hope that the hostages would be released before the November elections. Many of the chief facilitators admitted to the political concerns, saying that they had to meet a deadline on releasing the hostages. The U.S. actually tried to make an ultimatum saying that all hostages would have to be released in order to receive the antitank missiles, however Iran refused which caused a deadlock, which lasted for nearly a month. (Jonathanpollard.org) When the deadlock ended in late February the U.S. sent between 1500-2000 TOW antitank missiles to Israel who in turn sent them to Iran. At this time Oliver North diverted $12 million in money from the arms sale in Iran to the Nicaraguan Contra leader by way of the BCCI. At this time Gene Wheaton, a co-owner to a cargo airline, National Air, was being enlisted by North to help fly in supplies and arms to the Contras. Wheaton tentatively agreed until he became informed that the retired General Richard Secord would be involved in the affair. Wheaton had a personal dispute with Secord over a government contract dealing with humanitarian aid to insurgents such as Mujaheddin of Afghanistan and the Nicaraguan Contras. With Secord in the picture Wheaton refused to go along with the plan and actually went to William Casey, head of the CIA. H owever, Casey does little to nothing over the issue saying that it was not of government concern. Wheaton then notified several reporters of the San Francisco Examiner of the dealings. In mid-September of 1986 the U.S. was planning on forcing Iran to trade hostages for arms. The plan seemed to work until the Lebanese militant Hezbollah group controlled by Iran simply kidnapped more Americans after the release of other hostages. In October the U.S. puts pressure on Iraq to increase bombings in Iran to create a greater need of military assistance by America. This plan began to work when Iraq in fact increased the bombings but the arms-for-hostages dealing was exposed in a Lebanese newspaper as well as some U.S. papers. With the public aware of the potentially criminal acts committed by the Reagan administration support for any more weapons dealings collapses. After the information was leaked most of the pro-Iranian faction inside the White House left office leaving a large pro-Iraqi side which would remain in power until Reagans term was over. In the last months of the administration U.S. military and economic aid for Iraq met an all-time high even giving Iraq the te chnology for long-range ballistic missile, chemical weapons, and even nuclear weapons. (Jonathanpollard.org) On October 5, 1986 a CIA transport plane carrying weapons and supplies for the Contras was shot down by the Sandinista, which brought the U.S. connection to the Contras to light. The Nicaraguan Sandinistas exposed the United States after interrogating the sole survivor of the plane crash, Eugene Hasenfus, who said that he had made ten other deliveries to Nicaragua including six from Llopango. (Nytimes.com) All government officials at that time lied about any involvement in the illegal support of the Contras. Both the story of the arms-for-hostages deal in the Lebanese paper and the CIA transport plane being shot down exposed the dirty dealings the Reagan administration had been committing beginning the Iran-Contra scandal. In Reagans address to the nation speech he denied the allegations of any arms sales to Iran, however he does admit to honorable involvement, such as to renew relations with that nation, to bring an end to the Iran-Iraq war, to eliminate Irans sponsorship of terrorism, and to effect the release of the US hostages being imprisoned by Hezbollah. (reagan.utexas.edu) Later when the facts came to light Reagan and several other senior officials stated that all of the Iranian negotiations were on a strict need to know basis, and that the appropriate Congressmen were notified and informed properly. (reagan.utexas.edu) However an investigation was done on the dealings but a large amount of information was destroyed, and many stated that Attorney General Edwin Meese, who was in c harge of the investigation, was not interested in finding the facts since he refused help from the FBI and did not take notes in his interviews. Oliver North, whom many believe as the mastermind of the operation held several shredding parties at that time to destroy thousands of documents that would likely implicate White House officials in criminal acts. The Iran-Contra investigation later faulted Meese for not using standard investigating techniques. However Meese finds a document that verifies the $12 million that was diverted from the arms dealings in Iran to the Contras in Oliver Norths desk. Meese notified Reagan about the diversion of funds, and tells several senior officials about the acts. Reagan realized that he could actually be impeached on the grounds that they broke the Boland Amendment, but Meese allegedly created a case for deniability for the president. In late November Meese revealed the Iran-Contra funding connection, Oliver North is immediately fired, while other officials are forced to resign. In December Reagan appointed former Texas Senator John Tower to head a commission to investigate the Iran-Contra affair. The investigation lasted for three months. In January of 1987 Reagan admitted to authorizing the sale of missiles to Iran in front of the Tower Commission. A day before the head of the CIA, William Casey, is set to testify before the Senate on the affair he has two seizures and is hospitalized, later dying of brain cancer making him unable to testify. The Tower Commission found that the Iran-Contra affair was a rogue operation and that Reagan himself was largely unaware of the dealings. The majority report cam out in November of 1987 stating that the clandestine financing operation undermined the powers of Congress as a coequal branch and subverted the Constitution. Although no major reforms would come as a result of the majority report. Four men were indicted on multiple felony charges as a result of it including: former National Security Advisor John Poindexter, Oliver North, Richard Secord, and Albert Hakim. North and Poindexter are both convicted and sentenced to jail time, however both convictions are overturned. In the end no high-ranking public official was found guilty of anything more than perjuring themselves in front of Congress, however the Iran-Contra scandal tarnished the reputation of many. This scandal seems to disprove that justice is indeed blind in this country, since many high ranking officials with even more powerful allies were guilty of committing serious crimes but were never punished because of who they knew. I feel that this is an incident that should be remembered for many years, and hopefully it will never be repeated.

Essay --

No matter how fast you can finish or read a book, how fast can you read it with a given time? Think about this, each person has a different speed at how fast they can read out loud or speak and how their brain processes it, but how will the rate they read at change once they’re given a short amount, such as one minute to read an excerpt. Most importantly is how accurate will their reading be. The Brain and Its Function The brain is a complex system that houses the controls to your body ranging from your reaction, emotion, speech or language, development, memory, body functions, and much more. It’s created of a jelly like fat and protein weighing in about three pounds. It’s the body’s biggest organ and consists of over one hundred billion nerves that not only put together thoughts and highly coordinated physical actions, but regulate our unconscious body processes, such as digestion and breathing (http://science.nationalgeographic.com). The largest part of the brain is called the cerebrum, which accounts for eighty-five percent or the organ’s weight, the distinctive outer surface of the brain is the cerebral cortex. The cerebrum is split into two halves, or hemispheres, and it is further divided into four regions, or lobes, in each hemisphere (http://science.nationalgeographic.com). The cerebrum frontal lobe, located behind the forehead, is responsible for speech, thought , learning, emotion, and movement; behind the frontal lobes there’s the parietal lobes that processes sensitive information such as temperature, touch, and pain; at the rear of the brain there’s the occipital lobes that deals with your vision, and then there’s the temporal lobes, near the temples, which control your hearing and memory (http://science.nationalgeog... ...’s aphasia there’s the Wernicke’s aphasia is when you ask a person a question and they respond with a sentence that is more or less grammatical, but contains words that have little to do with the questions or, for the matter, with each other. People with this type of aphasia have difficulty naming things, often then responding with words that sound similar, or names of related thing, it’s as if they are having an absolutely hard time with their mental â€Å"dictionaries.† (http://webspace.ship.edu). Language and Speech The way language works, then, is that each person’s brain contains a lexicon of words and the concepts they stand for (a mental dictionary) and a set of rules that combine the words that convey relationships among concepts (a mental grammar) (Pinker 85). Language uses grammar which is a discrete combinational system that has two important consequences

Gratitude for Brown vs. Board of Education :: Race Segregation

What is it to ME I was born in 1985 and I grew up with two younger brothers. Now when I look back on my life I realize that I have taken many things for granted. These things are the simple things that most people take for granted such as growing up in a good neighborhood, and not having to worry about gangs, violence, and drugs. Like most kids growing up in good areas I went to a good school that helped springboard my life. These blessing are what allowed me to get into this University. Every once in awhile I view or think of something that reminds me of how lucky I am. At this University I had one of these moments and it happened at an art museum. This museum had an exhibit on Brown v. The Board of Education. This exhibit is where I really came to appreciate what I was blessed with because of others before my time and what they have allowed me to do with it. The Brown v. Board of Education exhibit size was decent from my view but I have not been to an art exhibit for exceptionally long time. The thing that caught my eye the most was a video playing on a wall. This video had the screen split down the middle with two separate videos playing. On one side of the screen there was what seemed to be old video footage of a white family and then on the other side old video footage of a black family. These videos seemed to try to show that black and white life was the same during this time. The footage seemed to be taken in the sixties or seventies, based on the clothing worn in the footage, and this puzzled me due to the fact that black and white life was not equal at this time. It showed both families going to Disney World and their family get-togethers. The black family did seem to have more people over for the family together and much more food which just reminded me of my own family get-togethers, which I have to say are a blast. The whole film gave off an aura that the film had been contrived.

Intellectual Property :: Intellectual Property Research Papers

Intellectual Property Globalization of the economy is helping companies to reduce product costs but is also creating a new set of challenges and issues. Managing intellectual property on a international landscape is tricky and the differences in the approach to patents between China, Europe and U.S. are profound. This paper focus and list some of the issues and differences on Intellectual Property between U.S. and Europe. The differences are analyzed from a business and ethical point of view. The paper end looking at the growing trend of open source. What is the ethical and moral motivation? International IP landscape The international Intellectual Property landscape is quite tricky and complex, but few important guidelines can help avoiding trouble and maximize the return. Most patents litigation cases are an attempt to position the companies in the market. Knowing the rules for getting and enforcing patents is important, an in most cases it is different from place to place. Although the globalization of the economy and exchange of goods has increase in the last decade, the international patent system is far from being operational. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) was created to help creating an international legal framework for patents. To obtain a large coverage you still need to applied separate applications to 180 countries. This is both cost and time consuming and the validity is sometimes uncertain. Most company do file in different countries in Europe, Asia and North America. This is done as a result of a cost benefit analysis, based on the fact that targeting the right market lead to significant benefits related to operating in a larger market, and opportunity to negotiate patent licenses from other company in the same or different market. A important aspect, not considered most of the time, is the cost associated with the maintenance of the patent. This result in a continuously reevaluation of the IP portfolio. To help simplifying the file of patents, 123 countries signed the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). Filing a international patent with a PCT member offer up to 30 months to the company to file with other members. Certain processing is done centrally and there is a single application. The other benefit is the delay in recording the filing expenses that helps startup companies to reach the point when revenues are generated. This is becoming quickly the best practice, generating more that 114,000 applications in 2003. Despite differences in the handling and enforcing of patents across countries, in general, it is agreed that a invention must be novel, must be new, it must be non obvious and it must have some utility.

Dehydrogenase in yeast Essay

During respiration, hydrogen atoms are removed from glucose molecules by enzymes called dehydrogenases and passed to various chemicals called hydrogen acceptors. As the hydrogen atoms pass from one hydrogen acceptor to another, energy is made available for chemical reactions in the cell. In this way, substances such as glucose provide energy for vital reactions in living organisms. In this experiment, a dye called methylene blue acts as an artificial hydrogen acceptor. When this dye is reduced by accepting hydrogen atoms it goes colourless. (a) Place about 30 mm of yeast suspension in a test-tube and, using a test-tube holder, heat this suspension over a small Bunsen flame until the liquid boils for about half a minute. Then cool the tube under the tap. (b) Label three test-tubes 1-3. (c) Using a graduated pipette or syringe, place 2 cm3 of the boiled yeast suspension in tube 1. (d) Using the graduated pipette or syringe, draw up 4 cm3 unboiled yeast suspension and place 2 cm3 in tube 2 and 2 cm3 in tube 3. (e) Rinse the pipette or syringe and use it to place 2 cm3 distilled water in tubes 1 and 2. (f) With the pipette or syringe, place 2 cm3 1 % glucose solution in tube 3. (g) Prepare a water bath by mixing hot and cold water from the tap to obtain a temperature between 35 and 45  °C. Place all three tubes in this water bath. Rinse the pipette or syringe. (h) Copy the table given below into your notebook. (i) After 5 minutes draw up 6 cm3 methylene blue solution in the pipette or syringe and place 2 cm3 in each tube. Shake all three tubes thoroughly and return them to the water bath, noting the time as you do so. Do not shake the tubes again. (j) Watch the tubes to see how long it takes for the blue colour to disappear, leaving the creamy colour of the yeast. A thin film of blue colour at the surface of the tube may be ignored but the tubes should not be moved. Record the times in your table. (k) The experiment may be repeated by simply shaking all the tubes again until the blue colour returns. |Tube |Contents |Time for methylene blue to go colourless Experiment 14. Discussion 1 Why was distilled water added to tubes 1 and 2? 2 What causes the methylene blue solution to go colourless (according to the introduction on p. 14.01)? 3 How do you explain the results with tube 1? 4 In which of tubes 2 and 3 was the methylene blue decolourized more rapidly? How can this result be explained? 5 If the hydrogen atoms for the reduction of methylene blue come from  glucose, why should the methylene blue in tube 2 become decolourized at all? 6 What do you think would be the effect of increasing the glucose concentration in tube 3? Explain your answer. 7 How could you extend the experiment to see if enzymes in yeast are capable of reducing methylene blue? 8 Why, do you think, the colour retuned on shaking the tubes? Experiment 14. Dehydrogenase in yeast – preparation Outline Methylene blue, acting as a hydrogen acceptor, is decolourized during the respiration of yeast. Addition of small amounts of substrate increases the rate of decolourization. Prior knowledge An elementary idea of respiration as a process which releases energy during the breaking down of carbohydrates; yeast is a microscopic living organism. Advance preparation and materials-per group 20% yeast suspension* 0.005% methylene blue solution+ (prepared 1~2 days ahead) 10 cm3 1 % glucose solution distilled water 10 cm3 Apparatus-per group test-tube rack and 4 test-tubes Bunsen burner 3 labels or spirit marker graduated pipette or syringe 5-10cm3 test-tube holder beaker or jar, for water to rinse pipette or syringe -per class clock Result The methylene blue: in tubes 2 and 3 should be decolourized in a few minutes with tube 3 changing first. * Add 40 g dried yeast and 0.4 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) to 200 cm3 distilled water in a tall 600 cm3 (or larger) beaker (a large jam jar will do). Cover the mouth of the container with aluminium foil and bubble air through the yeast suspension for one or two days using an aquarium aerator. Observe the suspension from time to time during the first two hours and control the air flow to prevent the yeast suspension frothing out of the jar. +Dissolve 0.05 g in 1 litre of distilled water. Methylene blue stains skin and clothing. Lab coats should be worn Experiment 14. Discussion – answers 1 The addition of distilled water to tubes 1 and 2 keeps the concentration of yeast and methylene blue the same in all three tubes. 2 The methylene blue accepts hydrogen atoms removed from glucose molecules during respiration. The reduced form of methylene blue is colourless. 3 Boiling will have killed the yeast. Dead yeast is therefore incapable of carrying out one or more stages in the transfer of hydrogen from glucose to methylene blue. (A similar answer may be given in terms of enzymes.) 4 Tube 3 will probably lose its blue colour first. Presumably if the hydrogen atoms for reducing methylene blue come from glucose, additional glucose will mean that more hydrogen atoms are available and decolourization will be more rapid. 5 Respiration will continue in yeast cells, using their own carbohydrate reserves such as glycogen. 6 It might be expected that increasing the glucose concentration would increase the rate of decolourization up to the point where all the available enzyme or enzymes were being used, or where the concentration of glucose was sufficient to plasmolyse the yeast cells. 7 If enzymes (dehydrogenases) are involved, it should be possible to extract them from yeast by grinding some dried yeast with sand and distilled water, and filtering. This could be the subject of further experiment, particularly if little or none of the carbohydrate reserve in yeast comes through in the filtrate. 8 Shaking the tubes introduces more oxygen which re-oxidises the methylene blue

Causes of the Reign of Terror

The reign of terror was a period of violence in which occurred from 1793- 1794 after the strong onset of the French Revolution. It was a time of fierceness and anger, resulting in the deaths of thousands of people living in France at that period of time. The terror followed the trial and execution of King Louis XVI in 1793 and was incited by the conflict between the Girondins and Jacobins. Soon after, King Louis’ wife, Marie Antoinette, was executed in the guillotine- the new form of constitutionalist justice.Many of the people who were executed during this period of time were not aristocrats, but ordinary people who may have only stated a critical thought or judgment going against the revolutionary government. Many believe that once Robespierre became leader of the Committee of Public Safety, he overpowered France and dominated the public, leading to the terror. Some believe that the terror occurred to stop counter-revolutionaries, such as the War in Vendee, and happened beca use of the factions between the Jacobins and Girondins.The Reign of Terror was the governments reaction’s to counter-revolutionary threats occurring particularly in the Vendee region of France in 1793. Here the public armed themselves in order to attempt to overthrow the Republic and restore the monarchy to the way it was. The counter-revolutionaries in this region were strongly against Robespierre and upset he had launched a movement to de-Christianize the nation and persecute the Church- massacring priests, destructing churches and destroying religious images.During this time all of the people of Vendee loyally stood by the Church and the Catholic monarchy of France and could clearly be distinguished wearing Rosaries around their necks at all times and the symbol of the Sacred Heart of Jesus sewn onto their hats. The people of Vendee fought hard against the French revolutionary government, many calling the War in Vendee the first modern ‘genocide. ’ A French ge neral of the time, Francois Joseph Westermann, stated â€Å"We are shooting them non-stop†¦Mercy is not a revolutionary sentiment,† exaggerating the intensity of the situation in Vendee and the success of the revolutionary government against the West region, supposedly leading to the ‘Reign of Terror’ in France. A number of people living in France, including nobles, priests and the bourgeoisie fled the country during the French Revolution, abandoning the struggle the country was going through. Emigrating, they formed armed groups and moved to neighboring countries, acquiring the name of emigres.In 1791, legislation against the emigres was passed by the King stating that anyone caught emigrating would be punished with a death sentence, namely the guillotine. Due to the politics of the time period, France was inevitably drawn to War with Austria and its allies, including Prussia, declaring War against them on 20 April 1792. Robespierre opposed the occurrence o f War due to the fact that it would strengthen the monarchy and the military as well as attract the anger of ordinary people in Austria and its neighbouring countries.The Jacobins increased the size of the army, determined to have more soldiers who demonstrated their patriotism and trained ability effectively. The Republican Army of France dominated the battles and were able to overcome the Austrians, Prussians, British and Spanish- the countries against the revolutionary government, and the strong violence was a large part in why the Reign of Terror began. Factional disputes in the Convention caused for the replacement of the Girondins with the Jacobins as they desired for a centralized government in France. This dispute could have been one of the main causes of the Reign of Terror breaking out.They wanted to keep Paris as the national capital city and to have the temporary government of the time to take control of the economy as a whole. The Jacobins were able to utilize their pow er of the sans-culottes and gained much of the public’s support opposed to the Girondins. On June 22, 1793, 80000 armed sans-culottes gathered and surrounded the National Convention halls and demanded the arrest of the Girondin party, resulting in the immediate arrest of 29 Girondin members. The Jacobins then had firm control of both the National Convention and France as a nation, left to deal with the violence and repression on the streets of France.Robespierre became leader of the Committee of Public Safety in 1793, causing a shift in power from Georges Danton to Maximilien Robespierre, Danton being an implausible public speaker and having a stronger physical presence while Robespierre less passionate about the public in general and their needs. He encouraged violence in France during the political deterioration and the fact that the attempt to set up a workable constitutional monarchy under King Louis XVI‘s reign failed made him passionate about politics. He wished t o create a temporary dictatorship in order to save the Republic from falling completely.He believed that it was â€Å"One’s duty to punish traitors, to help the needy, respect the weak, defend the oppressed, do good to one’s neighbour and behave justly,† meaning he wanted to punish those who were against the government in any way and act justly- not something that he achieved. He believed that the â€Å"Terror is nothing but quick and hard justice,† granting that he wanted the terror to be something which was handled quickly and only for those who acted against their choices in any way. Robespierre was a large influence in the Reign of Terror and wanted the people who acted out to be punished for their actions.Many people believe that he was the reason why the Reign of Terror originally began. Many dispute that the Reign of Terror simply does not exist due to the fact that there was already violence occurring before this supposed period of time. The Storm ing of Bastille was a violent period in which happened on July 14, 1789 where a mob of people marched to the Bastille, a large structure in which was previously an eight-towered castle, in search for prisoners and gun powder that had been taken by the unpopular King, Louis XVI.The building was being used as a prison at this period of time and only guarded by 30 Swiss guards, making it easy for the mob to get through in possession of canons and 3000 rifles under their belt. This shows that before the Reign of Terror strong violence was already occurring and was a large part of the nation. The Reign of Terror was not a significant change of violence to what was already occurring in France at the time, causing people to argue that the ‘violent Reign of Terror’ never existed in reality; it was simply a continuation of the violence already taking place.The Reign of Terror began in order to repress counter-revolutionary groups, which forced the Committee of Public Safety, led by Robespierre, to use the ‘humane’ form of execution- the guillotine. This resulted in external enemies being executed and anyone living in France who was under suspicion or was overheard stating a critical judgment against the government put under the guillotine. Through these executions the Revolutionary government ained momentum against their political enemies and had confidence with all of the power they were given. The mentality of violence had built up gradually from the very beginning of the revolution, not particularly when the Reign of Terror supposedly begun in 1792; the strong violence and destruction progressively increasing and the death toll reaching to new heights in this time period. By 1794, the Jacobins’ power was overbearing as they started to become unpopular with the public and media- those with accepted opinions.Their bloodshed result of power and recognition in the nation caused the bourgeoisie and former Jacobins to prompt propaganda aga inst them, aiming to destroy the monarchy. The Reign of Terror impacted the people of France and forced them to conform to what was accepted by the Committee and the Jacobins, allowing for them to have no say or judgment in the events of the time. There were many causes of the terror, some in which included strong violence, others strong leaders, yet they all marked the same thing- the end and beginning of France again.

Mcdonalds Pestel Analysis

McDonald’s Pestel analysis Political- * There is currently legislation being brought in to prevent fast food companies from advertising at certain times of the day, this is due to the large number of obese children currently in our country. It will see a large change in how the companies can advertise as they feel many kids are being targeted from a young age by fast food companies. * All products need to have full nutritional value on them so consumers can be made aware of the health risks of some of these products, for example in McDonald’s they show on their chips the levels of salt, fat , carbohydrates etc. nd how each portion measures in terms of the recommended daily human intake of these products * The government hold to right on the final say of who is approved to open a franchise, this takes this power out of McDonalds hands Economical- * As a business entity, McDonalds need to face a lot of economic variables outside its company or its macro environment. When looking for a supplier internationally for some of their products McDonalds should be aware on the global supply and currencies exchange.Although McDonalds use larger amounts of Irish beef than previously not all of their products are produced here so any changes in exchange rates may have a massive effect on what they pay on their imports. * McDonalds must face government regulations on tax of profit where it gains from the operation. They also face other costs such as for advertisements and for certain entertainment (such as in store music). Each country may have different scale or types of tax available and McDonalds should follow the regulation if it wants to continue the operation.As most of their branches are a franchise McDonalds will have to cecum to paying certain percentage of the revenue to the parent company in United States. Social- * There is a great need for McDonalds to cater for the different types of customers in different regions, For example in India people (Hind u) do not take beef, Muslim countries do not take pork, German like beers, Finnish like fish type of food menu, Chinese like to associate food with something good (for example prosperity), Asian like rice and Americans eat in big-sized menu. * Technological- Advances in online ordering and methods of paying that McDonalds have yet to adapt may have a negative effect for them, some fast food restaurants offer home delivery and online ordering this is something that McDonalds currently does not do. * They need to look for the next big thing in terms of technology and see how it can benefit them in remaining a power house in the fast food industry. Smart phones and tablets are becoming massive business and is where a lot of innovation takes place. Microsoft’s Xbox Kinect and smart glass are examples for their ambition to remain top in the gaming market, what will McDonalds do?Environmental- * Huge emphasis on recycling and proper waste management over the last few years itâ€⠄¢s important that McDonalds focus on making themselves more environmentally friendly. * Is there more in store that they can do to improve their eco rating. The body shop offers customers the chance to bring back their old bottles to be refilled and reused, while this may not be possible for McDonalds to do due to health and safety they should still look at ways of improving the stores waste management etc. Legal- * Sales figures in Ireland of McDonalds, Supermacs, KFC and Burger King. 1. McDonalds- 2. Supermacs- 3. KFC- 4. Burger King-

An Analysis of Sonnet 130 Essay

Iambic Pentameter: The poem uses an iambic pentameter, a rhythmic scheme used in sonnets. The rhyme scheme is ABABCDCDEFEF GG, and is split into three quatrains and a rhyming couplet. It contains 10 syllables per line, with syllables alternating between unstressed and stressed when spoken aloud. This gives the sonnet the effect of sounding like a regular love poem, but upon closer examination of the words used we can tell that the poem and its intentions are completely different. The Final Couplet: In Sonnet 130, the persona describes the woman with unflattering terms such as â€Å"black wires grow on her head† and â€Å"in the breath from that my mistress reeks†. However, even though he points out her numerous flaws he still declares his love for her, suggesting that he embraces all her traits and characteristics and loves her nonetheless. This is further exemplified in the final couplet of the poem, â€Å"And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare; as any she belied with false compare. This sudden contrast, despite being contradictory to the previous lines of the poem, is significant in showing that regardless of her flaws he is still wholly in love with her. Throughout the poem, the persona compares his mistress to that of an imaginary, perfect woman. However, in the last lines we see that the persona chooses the real woman with all her imperfections over the â€Å"goddess† he has never seen. Rhyme Alternating rhymes: The rhyme schem e is ABABCDCDEFEF GG. â€Å"Sun† rhymes with â€Å"dun†, â€Å"red† and â€Å"head†, and so on, before ending with â€Å"rare† and â€Å"compare†. This enhances the image of a seemingly dull woman that the persona describes – the woman in question is said to have breasts which are dun, suggesting that she is sexually unattractive. Her lips are contrasted with that of coral, â€Å"Coral far more red than her lips’ red†. Red is the colour of sensuality, and thus the persona is stating that she is not a sensual woman. The effect that this rhyming scheme gives is to contrast the persona’s definition of beauty as a part of nature and the woman’s flaws. Third Quatrain and Final Couplet: The persona declares that he would â€Å"love to hear her speak†, despite her voice being less beautiful than music. This is the first time in the poem that praise has been conferred upon the persona’s mistress. He then goes on to compare the woman with that of a goddess, the highest being and his imperfect mistress. The final lines introduce a change in the rhyming scheme, with a couplet ending the rhythmic three quatrains. The couplet is used to introduce a new idea, that despite the woman’s flaws, the persona ‘s love for her is higher than that of the heavens. This highlights a key theme of the poem – regardless of the woman’s physical flaws and looks, the persona is able to see past her looks and still be beautiful in his eyes. This is significant because in the Shakespearean Era, the role of women was to please man with a beautiful face and body, and here we see Shakespeare expressing his love for a woman who did not possess many of these qualities.

Budget Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Budget - Assignment Example This type of budget helps corporate to have an insight on whether the available income will suffice to finance the anticipated expenditure (Millett, 2011). On the other hand, budget forecast, utilizes financial figures for previous period to come up with figures for the current period (Brookson, 2000). Therefore, it can be scrutinize that budget is a very important tool that can help to monitor revenues and avoid unnecessary spending (Millett, 2011). This assignment will focus on determining strategies for managing budget within forecast by comparing expenses with the budget and determining the possible reasons for a variance. Additionally, bench marking techniques will be identified and how they can help to improve future budgetary forecast within a hospital. Determine specific strategies to manage budgets within forecasts. Corporate financial managers and senior clinical financial officers may utilize different strategies for managing budgets within forecast. Among the suggested st rategies that may be used include; cost variance strategy, performance based strategy, zero based strategy, bench marking strategy and activity based strategy (Brookson, 2000). The cost variance strategy, focuses on finding the difference between the budgeted cost and the actual cost .When a negative variance is obtain, it is an indication that the actual cost were more than budgeted cost (Finkler & McHugh, 2008). Therefore, clinical financial officers should find out the reason for a negative variance and employ necessary measures to prevent such discrepancies in the future. Clinical financial officers may use performance based strategy. This strategy employs performance based dashboard and matrices to determine the proximate cause for a variance and look on necessary measures that can be employed to remedy the situation (Brookson, 2000). Additionally, clinical financial officers may apply zero based strategy to control budget. In this strategy, each expense incurred is assessed an d necessary recommendations are made thereafter (Finkler & McHugh, 2008). Bench marking strategy may be used whereby; information of the best performing hospitals may be gathered and analyzed. The information gathered may be used by clinical financial officers and hospital managers to make future budgetary improvements in their respective hospitals. The improvements may be carried out by emulating the best practices from a benchmarked hospital (Finkler & McHugh, 2008). Connectively, clinical financial officers may apply activity based strategy to control budget. In this strategy, hospital operating cost data may be gathered and allotted to specific activities in the hospital (Finkler & McHugh, 2008). Compare five to seven expense results with budget expectations, and describe possible reasons for variance. The following expenses were selected for comparison purposes and the possible reasons for the variances have been explained under each expense: Supplies 8,418 6,693 (1,725) -25.8% 89,456 84,283 (5,173) -6.1% 79,183 -13.0% The supply expenses were higher than the budgeted cost based on above figures. This indicates that the difference between budgeted cost and actual supply cost provided a negative variance (Millett, 2011).The possible reason for a negative supply variance may be attributed to higher demand for medical tools used to attend

Music as the Most Important Factor in Life Essay

Music as the Most Important Factor in Life - Essay Example I feel that the beauty and richness that music brought into my life is definitely worth sharing. This is precisely why I think that visiting schools as an artistic ambassador would be a very good idea. I hope to bring some positivity and actually make a difference in the lives of students. I have already done something to that effect when I worked as an ambassador at a Boston school last year through From the Top’s Leadership program. The school had a music program but no chamber music, and this is where I came in – I helped them experience chamber music under my guidance. When we discovered that the children were a little too serious throughout the program, we decided to change the plan for the week and only concentrate on entertaining them. It was really gratifying to see all the smiles that we brought to their faces while they played music. It was, perhaps, one of the most defining events of my life as a musician, and that is what gave me the incentive to be an art a dvocate and spread music and, thus, bring joy into people’s lives. The last century has seen the development of music on a linear scale in a positive direction. The adaption of modern musical instruments and equipment has not only changed the concept of composing music but has also altered the way people prefer to hear music (Shepherd 2-18). It has been really fascinating for me to learn how in the music culture of the past, folklore was used to tell stories of real life. As a music advocate, I wish to reinvent the same realism in my music. I would also like to motivate and train school children to use modern technology in their compositions. For instance, I have observed that listening to music on mobile phones has become a very common trend, and so has the trend of using various smart phone applications to enhance music. I would encourage students to take advantage of all this technology.

Is the Criminal Justice System Fair and Functional Essay

Is the Criminal Justice System Fair and Functional - Essay Example For any act to be considered a crime, its actus reus must be shown. Actus reus can be in any of the following forms: â€Å"An act, or a failure to act (an omission), or a state of affairs† (Challenge College 2013, p. 2). In the first form above, an act, it must be shown that an act committed violates the law and if this cannot be shown then there cannot be any liability. For instance, in the crime of murder the actus reus is the unlawful killing of a person. Another way of assigning liability is through showing that an undesirable or otherwise incident took place because of a failure to act. The case of Pittwood (1902) bests illustrates how a failure to act may result in criminal liability (Challenge College 2013, p. 8). Lastly, crime liability can be proved through showing the state of affairs. Proof of a state of affairs that is declared wrong is enough to assign crime liability. Mens Rea This is another condition which has to be proven for a person to be considered liable f or a crime committed. Mens rea is considered to be a state of mind in which a person is fully aware of the consequences of his actions thus the doer is assumed to have an intention of the end result of whatever he or she does. There are two ways in which mens rea is assessed in England and Wales – subjectivism and objectivism. ... On the other hand, objectivism is thought to be too broad because it fails to consider defendants with lower than average IQ, that is, those who lack the capacity to reason as an average person would (Furey 2010, p. 1). An illustration of mens rea application can be seen in the case of R v Molony (1985) AC 905 whereby the defendant shot his step father dead but was acquitted of murder charges and instead charged with manslaughter. The intention to shoot was found not to be connected to killing (e-Law Resources 2013). Question 2: The Criminal Justice System Its function The criminal justice system is meant to ensure that every person under the law has access to justice. Having access to justice means being punished for wrongs accomplished, giving protection to those who are innocent and making it possible for those convicted of wrongs to stop offending. The system aims at â€Å"delivering an efficient, effective, accountable and fair justice process for the public† (Garside 201 3, p. 1). It is further noted that the system must sieve among potential, alleged and actual criminal activities and ensure that treatment adjudicated on persons is rightful. Its Working The criminal justice system is composed of many agencies which work in unity to ensure that justice is availed to all. The agencies involved in this system include â€Å"the Crown Prosecution Service, the police, the courts and the National Offender Management Service† (Criminal Justice System 2013, p. 1). The three government departments which oversee the criminal justice system are â€Å"the Ministry of Justice, the Home office and the Attorney General’s Office† (Criminal Justice System 2013, p. 1). The Ministry of

Woolley v. Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. and Lucy v. Zehmer Essay

Woolley v. Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. and Lucy v. Zehmer - Essay Example In that case, the court is changing the employment law in Jersey State. In such a case when the plaintiff is not available, it is impossible to continue with the case, and automatic cessation of the case occurs. Any death occurring before the case is over and the jury have made the decision leads to final disqualification as one party that had information on the case is no longer available. The court is in the process of changing the court analysis in the country. The opinions of the employer are fair. Basic honesty is necessary in employment contracts. The jury had to make tight decisions since it is dependable on the future judgments. The common law of the country should hence be promoted for the sake of justice (Werhane, Radin, Bowie, & Wiley, 2004). For the employer to avoid such future problem, he should ensure that the employment manual is different from the employment contract to make everything clear. The whole task of selling the land ends up in a total dispute. It is accompanied by corruption such as bribing for the sake of convincing the buyer to fix the bargain. In addition to that, it seems that Zehmer was intoxicated with â€Å"drinks â€Å"at the time of the sales process, later confirming that the whole process was a joke. In addition to that, the price for the quoted land is far much low according to the economic standards, such that one may see it a joke buying such huge piece at such a low price. Zehmer also makes a commitment to sell the farm without making a prior and sober agreement with the wife but simply seduces her to sign the offer. If the defendants were in a position to accept that the whole process was a foul and joke, it would have implications or any change. It would remain a breach of contract of sale between the two parties. When one is making an agreement to sell a property or for employment purposes, he should note that, it remains critical to submit to the terms of the offer and to oblige to it in full. In the