TEACHERS ARE OVER

TEACHERS ARE OVER-PAID AND UNDER-WORKED Essay Pro: The role of education in a society is of crucial importance in order to have a civil and organised society; citizens need knowledge and the ability to think critically. They also need basic literacy and numeracy, and some knowledge of the world around them. This is not disputed, however, the need for teachers who receive high salaries and for 20 percent of the year are on holidays is rather questionable. One needs look no further than to the forum section of the Sydney Morning Herald to find the truth that teachers are overpaid and under worked. 1 Teachers enjoy an excellent remuneration package. One needs to search hard to find a career that, in the first year after graduation, can be paid up to 45 thousand dollars.2 Compared to the starting salaries in other careers, teachers can be seen as rather generously compensated. According to figures quoted in the Good Education guide, the average starting salary, a graduate entry teacher is paid, on average, $35 5743 and have some of the lowest course costs. This is compared to such courses as law and architecture, which have nearly double the course costs, an extra year of study and can only expect an extra two thousand dollars per annum. In the case of architecture, the average graduate can only expect a starting salary of $29000.4 With all this in mind, teachers can barely claim to be poorly paid at all. We will write a custom essay on TEACHERS ARE OVER-PAID AND UNDER-WORKED specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Teachers also claim to be overworked. However, this is a fallacy for two reasons. Firstly, teachers enjoy 12 weeks of holiday time a year. This is in direct contrast with the average employee, who receives a minimum of four weeks a year. Coupled with this is the fact that teachers enjoy all the public holidays away from the classroom. Their working hours are, essentially, between the hours of 8am to 3:30pm weekdays. This is different to the normal worker who has 8-hour days, and can work every day of the week. Teachers do have a fantastic deal! 5 A teachers job is not overly arduous, nor is it particularly dangerous. To highlight this fact, one needs only look to those career choices, which are more dangerous, but much lower paid. According to Work Cover Western Australia, the teaching profession for males only lost 9.1 hours per million working hours due to illness or injury. This figure is only bettered by the insurance sector. For comparison, the manufacturing industry, the worst industry as far as lost time for injury and disease is concerned, lost 24.3 hours per million. In the case of women, the educating profession only lost 6.3 hours due to injury or illness.6 As illustrated previously, teachers, compared to the rest of society, are overpaid and under worked. They are paid extremely well once they have graduated and receive much better holidays. They also have a safe and secure workplace compared to other lesser-paid workers. This safety shows that their career is not overly dangerous and can show teachers are overpaid, or on the contrary, that other workers need to be paid more danger money. Teachers are overpaid and under worked. 1 http://smh.com.au/yoursay/2003/09/17/ accessed 01/05/2004 2 http://education. qld.gov.au/hr/recruitment/administrative/docs/classroom_tea chers accessed 01/05/2004 3 http://www.thegoodguides.com.au/fostable. cfm?coursetype=undergraduate accessed 01/05/2004 4 http://www.thegoodguides.com.au/fostable.cfm?coursetype=undergraduate accessed 01/05/2004 5 /http://education.qld. gov.au/hr/recruitment/administrative/docs/classroom_te achers accessed 01/05/2004 and Suncorp Certified Agreement, page 9 6 All figures from WorkCover WA Injury Statistics (2002) http://www.safetyline.wa.gov.au/pagebin/injrstat0311. pdf accessed 01/05/2004 . TEACHERS ARE OVER TEACHERS ARE OVER-PAID AND UNDER-WORKED Essay Pro: The role of education in a society is of crucial importance in order to have a civil and organised society; citizens need knowledge and the ability to think critically. They also need basic literacy and numeracy, and some knowledge of the world around them. This is not disputed, however, the need for teachers who receive high salaries and for 20 percent of the year are on holidays is rather questionable. One needs look no further than to the forum section of the Sydney Morning Herald to find the truth that teachers are overpaid and under worked. 1 We will write a custom essay on TEACHERS ARE OVER-PAID AND UNDER-WORKED specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Teachers enjoy an excellent remuneration package. One needs to search hard to find a career that, in the first year after graduation, can be paid up to 45 thousand dollars.2 Compared to the starting salaries in other careers, teachers can be seen as rather generously compensated. According to figures quoted in the Good Education guide, the average starting salary, a graduate entry teacher is paid, on average, $35 5743 and have some of the lowest course costs. This is compared to such courses as law and architecture, which have nearly double the course costs, an extra year of study and can only expect an extra two thousand dollars per annum. In the case of architecture, the average graduate can only expect a starting salary of $29000.4 With all this in mind, teachers can barely claim to be poorly paid at all. Teachers also claim to be overworked. However, this is a fallacy for two reasons. Firstly, teachers enjoy 12 weeks of holiday time a year. This is in direct contrast with the average employee, who receives a minimum of four weeks a year. Coupled with this is the fact that teachers enjoy all the public holidays away from the classroom. Their working hours are, essentially, between the hours of 8am to 3:30pm weekdays. This is different to the normal worker who has 8-hour days, and can work every day of the week. Teachers do have a fantastic deal! 5 A teachers job is not overly arduous, nor is it particularly dangerous. To highlight this fact, one needs only look to those career choices, which are more dangerous, but much lower paid. According to Work Cover Western Australia, the teaching profession for males only lost 9.1 hours per million working hours due to illness or injury. This figure is only bettered by the insurance sector. For comparison, the manufacturing industry, the worst industry as far as lost time for injury and disease is concerned, lost 24.3 hours per million. In the case of women, the educating profession only lost 6.3 hours due to injury or illness.6 As illustrated previously, teachers, compared to the rest of society, are overpaid and under worked. They are paid extremely well once they have graduated and receive much better holidays. They also have a safe and secure workplace compared to other lesser-paid workers. This safety shows that their career is not overly dangerous and can show teachers are overpaid, or on the contrary, that other workers need to be paid more danger money. Teachers are overpaid and under worked. 1 http://smh.com.au/yoursay/2003/09/17/ accessed 01/05/2004 2 http://education. qld.gov.au/hr/recruitment/administrative/docs/classroom_teachers accessed 01/05/2004 3 http://www.thegoodguides.com.au/fostable. cfm?coursetype=undergraduate accessed 01/05/2004 4 http://www.thegoodguides.com.au/fostable.cfm?coursetype=undergraduate accessed 01/05/2004 5 /http://education.qld. gov.au/hr/recruitment/administrative/docs/classroom_teachers accessed 01/05/2004 and Suncorp Certified Agreement, page 9 6 All figures from WorkCover WA Injury Statistics (2002) http://www.safetyline.wa.gov.au/pagebin/injrstat0311. pdf accessed 01/05/2004 .

World Tourism Organization Essay Example

World Tourism Organization Essay Example World Tourism Organization Essay World Tourism Organization Essay boring Slide 1 5 On foot Advantages: meeting new friends and animals, opening new places Disadvantages: slow, dangerous Slide 16 Now you have a chance to travel to any place. Slide 17 There are a lot of places of interest in our world and many beautiful countries. Slide 18 Paris Paris is a particular city of France; its the capital of France, European fashion, art, city of unique people. Among its places worth sightseeing are Eiffel tower the cathedral of the Notre Dame, Louver. Louver is the museum of worlds art, which is visited by each traveller. French Kitchen is also famous and nobody will deny to dine t a small restaurant when essence of love is dissolved in peaceful evening air. Slide 20 Washington, D. C. is one of the most famous capitals in the world. Its known for its state buildings, the White House, US capitol, the Supreme Court building are among them, for plenty of memorials and museums dedicated to American heroes of the past. Lincoln, Jefferson and Washington memorials are great examples of warm feelings of Americans towards their heroes. Slide 22 One of the worlds great cities, Moscow is the capital of Russia. Since it was first mentioned in chronicles of 1147, Moscow has played a vital role in Russian history. Today Moscow is not only the political centre of Russia but also the countrys leading city in population, in industrial output, and in cultural, scientific, and educational importance. For more than 600 years Moscow has been the spiritual centre of the Russian Orthodox Church. Slide 24 Holidays Summer Winter Slide 25 Many people travel during holidays especially in summer. Some people enjoy spending their holidays in winter countries because they like frosty weather and enjoy winter sports. Slide 26 Norway France Winter sports were largely invented by the British leisured classes, nitially at the Swiss village of Zermatt (Valais), and St Moritz in 1864. The first packaged winter sports holidays took place in 1902 at Adelboden, Switzerland. Winter sports were a natural answer for a leisured class looking for amusement during the coldest season. Finland Austria Italy Russia Sweden Slide 27 Winter sports and activities Slide 28 Summer holidays All the people enjoy summer holidays very much. It is a great pleasure to have a rest after the whole year of hard work or study. People like to travel during their summer holidays. Some people go abroad to see new countries, ome people prefer to go to the country-side to enjoy country-life far from noise and fuss of big cities. Egypt Spain Turkey France Italy Greece Slide 29 Slide 32 Famous travellers Ferdinand Magellan Christopher Columbus Roald Amundsen Georgiy Ushakov Nikolay PrJevalskiy Slide 33 Fyodor Konyukhov The world-famous Russian traveller Fyodor Konyukhov was born and grew up on the Azov Sea. Finishing school he sailed on fishing trawlers, swam in the cool winter sea, slept on nails, made 100-kilometre runs a day, drank seawater and crossed the Azov Sea in a rowing boat. Entering a seminary in St. Petersburg Fyodor never finished his studies. One day the rector called him into his office and said, mfou love life too much. Go, live with the people He made four circumnavigations and crossed the Atlantic fourteen times. Fyodor is the first and so far the only person in the world to have reached the five extreme Poles of the planet. His name was entered into the encyclopedia Chronicle of Mankind. By the age of fifty he had made more than forty unique trips and climbs expressing his vision of the world in paintings and books. As a religious man, Fyodor Konyukhov agrees that the meaning of life of an Orthodox believer is to seek Gods grace, to learn what God as in store for one and to live ones life in keeping with Gods commandments, preparing for eternity. But when asked why risking life was so often? Fyodor says: Because suffering is the only way you can see the Lord. Slide 34 Ellen MacArthur The world record breaking solo round-the-world voyage by Ellen MacArthur has propelled her to the status of greatest sporting hero. MacArthurs fantastic voyage has marked the spirits of sailing fans around the world and has even succeeded in increasing the overall popularity of sailing. This is not only due to the feat itself, but largely because of exceptional media coverage. Only a handful of skippers had ever sailed a mu ltihull solo around the world and only two previously managed it non-stop Ellen was taking on a huge challenge. The live coverage of this event, as well as faultless support would be crucial. Offshore Challenges Sailing Team is at the leading edge of communications technology and OC Technology, part of the OC Group, created the all-Sony based onboard media system. This relied on 12 Sony cameras and microphones that could all be operated from down below via a simple switching box, and video compression/transmission and video conferencing that elped put the story on national news during the attempt. Three Sony VAIO Centrino- based notebooks were instrumental to navigation, video and still picture editing and communications. According to MacArthur, the VAIOs worked without a hitch: They all worked perfectly throughout the voyage, she says, and I never had a single problem with them. Slide 35 Questions Do you enjoy holidays? Would you like to find new places in the world? Do you admire any famous traveller? How long does it take a modern traveller to sail round the world? How long does it take to cross the Atlantic in a row boat? How does it feel to face a storming ocean? And what new challenges can nature offer to an adventurer who has already seen it all? Slide 36 Get ready for adventures! So are you ready to have an adventure? Are you ready to discover the deepest Jungle or to sail the dead calm waters of the Pacific? Do you want to hear how the wolves howl and be blinded by the white Arctic desert? Or do you want to see where the sirens sing, dance in the fields of coral? Whatever you To conclude I would like to say that everybody enjoys travelling and I think there are a lot of unknown places which we should make known.

Shintoism in Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Shintoism in Japan - Essay Example This indigenous religion of Japan is an unstructured mixture of a several beliefs and practices such as the worship of nature, future foretelling, fertility sects and shamanism. In its most fundamental form, Shinto is the religious structure of Japanese nationalism. According to Shinto tradition, the Japanese people and their country were divinely created, their emperors descendants of the Sun Goddess. Commonly, Japanese who are affiliated with Confucianism or the Buddhist religion are simultaneously affiliated with the Shinto sect. The two revered books of Shintoism are the Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan) and the Kojiki (Chronicles of Ancient Events). The Kojiki teaches that in the beginning were the two kami (deities), Izanagi (male-who-invites) and Izanami (female who-invites). Following the creation of Japan they produced many other kami. According to this mythological legend, Izanami passed away after giving birth to the kami of fire. Izanagi, in an attempt to find her, voyaged to Hell where he found her decomposed body infested by maggots. Horrified, he then went back to Japan in revulsion and purified himself by entering a body of water. The Sun Goddess, the Great Kami Amaterasu emerged when he washed out his left eye and Tsukiyom the Moon Kami materialized when he washed out his right eye. Following many years of war between the people of Japan, the Sun Goddess made her grandson, Ninigi, the first emperor of Japan. The Shinto religion is the only religion of the world that is represented by a female Deity. Japanese legend contends that the first emperor appeared during the seventh century B.C. but modern researchers put the actual beginnings of Japanese emperorship at about 200 A. D.

Visual analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Visual analysis paper - Essay Example These religious undertone of the painting was typical of many paintings during the period. It is important to note that the Renaissance period was the time when the strict rules of the visual arts were established. It is the time where academic painting was established where later painters would subscribe until today. During this period, arts flourished as well as science. As earlier mentioned, it was in this period where the strict rules of academic drawing and painting was established where artworks followed a strict method or rules. Unlike the impressionists who did a â€Å"freer† stroke of brush where details are not emphasized but rather the use of light to emphasize figures, renaissance paintings particularly Flemish paintings followed strict rules, probably the strictest, rigorous and laborious rules. In this method, the canvass (or any other medium such as wood) are not merely stained by paints but rather the colors are build. It typically begins with a drawing where the rule of analytic line is followed. Analytic lines are lines that considers geometrical patterns and proportions in relation to other parts of the subject. Then it is transferred to the canvass (or other medium) by several underpaintings. Generally, a brown layer washes the canvass and lays out the figure or subject then subsequent underpaintings are painted over it. Here, the values, light and shadows are emphasized that would later give depth to the color of the final work. The first layer is usually called â€Å"imprimatura† or the first layer where subsequent layers are glazed or painted over it to provide the final body of the painting. Depending on the preference of the artists, the final underpainting can either be in grisalle or verdaccio. Grisalle is a greenish gray which is usually used as an underpainting for flesh

Logicial Fallacies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Logicial Fallacies - Assignment Example . To give a perfectly good example of the Slippery Slope fallacy, one only has to look at the Direct TV â€Å"Dont Sell Your Wig† commercial from 2012 whose premise is that people who are dissatisfied with their cable TV provider eventually end up taking unbelievable steps to keep themselves entertained so that they eventually end up selling their hair at a wig shop because the unbelievable steps they took to entertain themselves left them without any money to keep themselves entertained. Now, Appeal to Authority is one of the most popular logical fallacies in commercials. As the name of the fallacy implies, people believe in the words of authority figures. Therefore, the people will believe anything that a popular or powerful figures says. In the â€Å"GoDaddy Presents - The Baker† commercial, Jean Claude Van Damme exemplifies this definition. Although he is not a baker, people will believe anything that he says in the commercial because he is a popular and trusted public figure. Coming to the Post Hoc fallacy, one must try to understand the concept of â€Å"after this, therefore because of this† in order to make sense of the belief that the actions of a person affect the end result of an event. The best example of this type of fallacy in commercials can be seen widely in sports related commercials. Bud Light has one of the most memorable Post Hoc commercials with the closing line â€Å"Its only weird if it doesnt work†. After all, sports fans have very specific beliefs and traditions about each game played by their favorite team. There is the the favorite shirt, the favorite mug, not changing underwear, and the like that these team fans and members do in order to ensure â€Å"victory† for their team. Just like in the Bud Light commercial, the Post Hoc fallacy asks us to believe that just because 2 things happened one after the other, then it must be connected and must always be done in order to ensure the same outcome every time. This i s a

The Vital Importance Of Mass Media

The Vital Importance Of Mass Media Mass Media is of vital importance in mankinds life. It is a medium for individuals to search for as well as exchange the latest information and knowledge; and it is also a platform for commercial as businesses can promote their products and services via media. Apart from getting academic or official materials, entertainment is another major function of the media. In everyday life, it is common for individuals to get contact with television programmes and advertisements since they exist in most family, restaurants as well as every corner of the street. Moreover, the consumption of internet also increases in the recent years. For example, in the United Kingdom, nearly half of the age group from 9 to 12 has social-networking profile (European Commission, 2011); and a research points out a phenomena that a quarter of British replace their evening major entertainment, television, by computer (UKPA, 2011). The media takes up a significant role in peoples life and society and the trend tend s to be upswing, this shows that people relies very much on the use of media as media are convenient to us. It is interesting to find out the reason of the popularity of different kinds of media and how often individuals spend time on the field of media. Also, the project can help to understand the culture which is being brought out by the television programmes in United Kingdom. Media is beneficial to us to at some point; however, media will do us harm if we misunderstood the implications brought by the media. In this case, media have a great influence on mankind and social behaviours, which includes both positive and negative impacts. As media has become the social norm, therefore, it is possible for project study to investigate the seriousness of how teenagers are being affected by the media, which can be the benefit from the media; and to what extent, their social behaviour is being affected. Aims Objectives In this project study, the main focus will be more on the point of view of the teenagers in the United Kingdom because this age group is easily being influenced and attracted by some new matters. Thus, the aim of this research study is, firstly, to give a brief introduction of the popularity of different types of media in the United Kingdom, such as, television programmes which include news, educational programmes, soup dramas, reality shows and variety shows, advertisements and internet. It is also important to analyse the purpose of the existence of these media and also the age group which they want to target. Secondly, how teenagers can benefit from these media. For example, some meaningful and encouraging programmes not only can help teenagers to gain knowledge and experience, but also establish a positive and strong moral value and raise social awareness. But at the same time, undesirable impacts are also generated from these media. The reason is that, teenagers may have differe nt interpretation or perception of the programmes; they may also develop negative attitude towards life and behaviour, like anti-social behaviour, commit crimes, being impractical or even live in fantasy and lack of motivation to do anything as media helps to beautify and shape the reality. Thirdly, there will be a little discussion on how the government imposes tighter laws and regulations to control the adverse effects brought out from the field of media. Method In this project study, both primary data and secondary data will be used to make this research a convincing and academic one. For the primary data, questionnaire will be used. This questionnaire contains four sections with 18 questions concerning the consumption of television programmes, advertisements as well as internet, and these questions help to reveal the view of teenagers on the effect of media. The survey will be carried out through the Qualtrics (https://s.qualtrics.com), a website which is designed for conducting survey. It targets teenagers who are living in the United Kingdom and the sample size will be 50 or above, so the results can be more objective and comprehensive and then a detailed analysis can be made by using these data. For secondary data, reference books, journal articles as well as video will be used. All these sources are academic and relevant to the topic; they are strong support for the arguments in the project. Firstly, for reference books and journal art icles, one of the books, Crime and Law in Media Culture, and also the journal article, Media made criminality: The representation of crime in the mass media, both discuss about the relationship between crime and media which are connected by a strong bond. The information also points out that; media sometimes maps crimes and law which makes them look playful and trivial. As a result, audiences will have wrong conception and look down upon the law and punishment. The media affect the thinking and behaviour of an individual, if the effect is positive, it can help to shape the community a better one; if not, it will deteriorate the moral value in society. Moreover, media is a two way communication, which means not only the media give out information and knowledge, but the audiences also need to give responses. After talking about the social behaviour, I will focus on how people react and accept the messages. Secondly, the video is used as it looks from the perspective of the audiences a nd analyse how they interpret the messages from the media. It is important to know the attitude hold by people towards media because it gives us the clue on how people are affected by the power of media. Section 1: Television Programmes (1) How much time do you spend on watching television? More than 5 hours a day 1-2 hours a day Sometimes (during leisure time) Never (Go to Section 2) (2) Which types of television programme would you prefer? Please rank your choices (1=highest; 6=least) News report _____ Soap dramas _____ Reality shows _____ Variety shows _____ Educational programmes _____ Films/Movies _____ (3) Suggest 2 adjectives which are most suitable to describe television programmes. ______________________________________________________________ (4) In some reality shows, films and dramas, indecent language, violence and sex scenes can be seen, do you think the government need tighter control on them? Yes, this can help to establish good moral value in society No, as these coarse language and scenes are the fundamental element of the programmes No comment (5) Which of the following statement will you support? Television programmes involve positive social value and are mostly beneficial to mankind. Television programmes pose bad impact on mankind as they are generally exaggerated and indecent materials. Section 2: Advertisements (6) Where can you see advertisements mostly? _______________________________________________________________ (7) To what extent, advertisement is attractive? Specify your reason. (1=very attractive; 5=not attractive, it can be neglected) _______________________________________________________________ (If your answer is 5, please go to Question 9) (8) Which aspects of the advertisement can catch your sight? (You can choose MORE THAN ONE option) Colourful and beautiful design Brand name Price and discounts Models or Artists The promoted products or services (9) Do you think advertising is successful in persuading people to make consumption? Yes No (Go to Section 3) (10) Have you ever convinced by the advertisements to buy any products? Yes. Please name one: _____________________________ No. Section 3: The Internet (11) How often do you use the internet? Every day, 5 hours or above Every day, less than 2 hours Sometimes, when there is research work and for leisure Never (12) Which of the following activities will you perform on the internet? (Choose FOUR options) Social-networking (Facebook, Twitter, Skype, MSN, E-mail) Download music and movies Research Settle private matters (Bank statements, Mobile phone statements) Games Watching videos Get the up-to-date information (News, Fashion, Technology, Entertainment) (13) Name ONE advantage and disadvantage of the internet. Advantage: _____________________________________________ Disadvantage: ___________________________________________ (14) Which statement will you support? The internet is convenient; it is a good assistant to make works run smoothly and efficiently. The practice of using the internet makes a person get addicted to it and isolates himself from the outside world. (15) Is it possible to live without the internet in the modern society? Yes No Section 4: Overview (16) Vigorous development of the mass media isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Specify your reason.) Good,______________________ Bad,_______________________ (17) Mass media is everywhere in our life, it is inevitable to ignore it. Do you agree? Yes No (18) Which of the following will influence ones mind and behaviour mostly? Television programmes Advertisements The Internet This is the end of the questionnaire. Your opinions will greatly assist the process of the analysis. Thank you for your precious time and opinions!

National Income and Economic Welfare Essay

National income is a measure of production activity. So, a higher national income overtime should mean more production and more availability of goods and services to the people. Should more goods mean that people are better off? Are they better of in physical terms, or in psychological terms or both? Are there things other than national income which also contribute to the feeling of better off among people ? Are their things counted in national income but do not really lead to betterment of life, or at least not in the same proportion as the monetary value attached to them? Broadly, the point to be examined is that does rise in national income mean that people are better off. Welfare is taken to mean a sense of weN being or a feeling of better off. Welfare of a person is determined by a large number of factors. There are certain factors which lead to rise in welfare, like use of goods and services leading to a comfortable living,better understandingwith familymembers, relations and friends, better natural surroundings, better social and political atmosphere and so on. There are other factors which may lead to decline in welfare like illness, tensions with family members, relations and friends, pollu~ion,unsecured society, etc. The combined effect of all these factors determines whether welfare rises or falls. Welfare as a concept may look alright, but when it comes to measurement of welfare, problems arise. We can measure value of goods and services but we cannot measure the positive values of understanding, natural surroundings, etc. or the negative values of pollution, tension, insecurity, etc. So, we cannot measure everything that affects welfare positively or negatively. Only those factors which can really be measured be expressed in quantities. This leads us to the distinction between economic and non-economic welfare.

Organizational Language

Organizational Language A human language is a kind of code. It functions on the basis of words which is unique verbal symbols which correspond to all the objects or ideas which the speakers of that language need to communicate to one another. It also has rules, followed habitually by its speakers, for linking the words of the language together. Languages in the sense in which we understand them have developed as the common means of communication of large groups of people who habitually communicate with one another and communicate less often with outsiders.A language draws together the people who speak it, and excludes others. The rules for using a language are followed by all members of the linguistic community, for all wish to be understood. Those rules are typically paralleled by other rules or laws, conventions, customs which all also have to follow if they wish to be socially accepted in that particular social and political community. To be able to speak a language is a badge of membership of a community. It ensures acceptance by other members, provided the other rules of the group are also followed. Language networks minds together.The possession of a common spoken language and even more, the later possession of a common written language enables each member of a community to benefit from the communicated experience of others, so that the mental capacity of each separate individual becomes less important. It enables fellow-members of contemporaneous groups to share information and experience. Each people speaking a common language developed a collective memory, a common store of cultural experience on which all could draw. Language enabled a community to build up long-term traditions, beliefs and values which differentiated it from other communities.

Wood Surname Meaning and Origin

Wood Surname Meaning and Origin WOOD Surname Meaning Origin: 1) Originally used to describe a person who lived in or worked in a wood or forest. Derived from Middle English wode, meaning wood. 2) Possibly derived from the Old English wad, meaning crazed or crazy, the name was sometimes used to describe someone considered mad or violent. 3) An ancient Scottish surname, first called De Bosco, because the family bore trees in their coat of arms. Wood is the 75th most popular surname in the United States. Ward is also popular in England, coming in as the 26th most common surname. Surname Origin: English, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings: WOODE, WOODS Genealogy Resources for the Surname WOOD: 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? WOOD Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Wood surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Wood query. FamilySearch - WOOD GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Wood surname and its variations. WOOD Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Wood surname. Cousin Connect - WOOD Genealogy QueriesRead or post genealogy queries for the surname Wood, and sign up for free notification when new Wood queries are added. DistantCousin.com - WOOD Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Wood. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Huáscar and Atahualpa Inca Civil War

Huscar and Atahualpa Inca Civil War From 1527 to 1532, brothers Huscar and Atahualpa fought over the Inca Empire. Their father, Inca Huayna Capac, had allowed each to rule a part of the Empire as regent during his reign: Huscar in Cuzco and Atahualpa in Quito. When Huayna Capac and his heir apparent, Ninan Cuyuchi, died in 1527 (some sources say as early as 1525), Atahualpa and Huscar went to war over who would succeed their father. What neither man knew was that a far greater threat to the Empire was approaching: ruthless Spanish conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro. Background of the Inca Civil War In the Inca Empire, the word Inca meant King, as opposed to words like Aztec which referred to a people or culture. Still, Inca is often used as a general term to refer to the ethnic group who lived in the Andes and residents of the Inca Empire in particular. The Inca Emperors were considered to be divine, directly descended from the Sun. Their warlike culture had spread out from the Lake Titicaca area quickly, conquering one tribe and ethnic group after another to build a mighty Empire that spanned from Chile to southern Colombia and included vast swaths of present-day Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia. Because the Royal Inca line was supposedly directly descended from the sun, it was unseemly for the Inca Emperors to marry anyone but their own sisters. Numerous concubines, however, were allowed and the royal Incas tended to have many sons. In terms of succession, any son of an Inca Emperor would do: he did not have to be born to an Inca and his sister, nor did he have to be eldest. Often, brutal civil wars would break out upon the death of an Emperor as his sons fought for his throne: this produced much chaos but did result in a long line of strong, fierce, ruthless Inca lords that made the Empire strong and formidable. This is exactly what happened in 1527. With the powerful Huayna Capac gone, Atahualpa and Huscar apparently tried to rule jointly for a time but were unable to do so and hostilities soon broke out. The War of the Brothers Huscar ruled Cuzco, capital of the Inca Empire. He, therefore, commanded the loyalty of most of the people. Atahualpa, however, had the loyalty of the large Inca professional army and three outstanding generals: Chalcuchima, Quisquis, and Rumià ±ahui. The large army had been in the north near Quito subjugating smaller tribes into the Empire when the war broke out. At first, Huscar made an attempt at capturing Quito, but the mighty army under Quisquis pushed him back. Atahualpa sent Chalcuchima and Quisquis after Cuzco and left Rumià ±ahui in Quito. The Caà ±ari people, who inhabited the region of modern-day Cuenca to the south of Quito, allied with Huscar. As Atahualpas forces moved south, they punished the Caà ±ari severely, devastating their lands and massacring many of the people. This act of vengeance would come back to haunt the Inca people later, as the Caà ±ari would ally with conquistador Sebastin de Benalczar when he marched on Quito. In a desperate battle outside of Cuzco, Quisquis routed Huscars forces sometime in 1532 and captured Huscar. Atahualpa, delighted, moved south to take possession of his Empire. Death of Huscar In November of 1532, Atahualpa was in the city of Cajamarca celebrating his victory over Huscar when a group of 170 bedraggled foreigners arrived at the city: Spanish conquistadors under Francisco Pizarro. Atahualpa agreed to meet with the Spanish but his men were ambushed in the Cajamarca town square and Atahualpa was captured. This was the beginning of the end of the Inca Empire: with the Emperor in their power, no one dared attack the Spanish. Atahualpa soon realized that the Spanish wanted gold and silver and arranged for a kingly ransom to be paid. Meanwhile, he was allowed to run his Empire from captivity. One of his first orders was the execution of Huscar, who was butchered by his captors at Andamarca, not far from Cajamarca. He ordered the execution when he was told by the Spanish that they wanted to see Huscar. Fearing that his brother would make some sort of deal with the Spanish, Atahualpa ordered his death. Meanwhile, in Cuzco, Quisquis was executing all of the members of Huscars family and any nobles who had supported him. Death of Atahualpa Atahualpa had promised  to fill a large room half full with gold and twice over with silver  in order to secure his release, and in late 1532, messengers spread out to the far corners of the Empire to  order his subjects to send gold and silver.  As precious works of art poured into  Cajamarca, they were melted down and sent to Spain. In July of 1533, Pizarro and his men began hearing rumors that the mighty army of Rumià ±ahui, still back in Quito, had mobilized and was approaching with the goal of liberating Atahualpa. They panicked and executed Atahualpa on July 26, accusing him of treachery. The rumors later proved to be false: Rumià ±ahui was still in Quito. Legacy of the Civil War There is no doubt that the civil war was one of the most crucial factors of the Spanish conquest of the Andes. The Inca Empire was a mighty one, featuring powerful armies, skilled generals, a strong economy and hard-working population. Had Huayna Capac still been in charge, the Spanish would have had a tough time of it. As it was, the Spanish were able to skillfully use the conflict to their advantage. After the death of Atahualpa, the Spanish were able to claim the title of avengers of ill-fated Huscar and march into Cuzco as liberators. The Empire had been sharply divided during the war, and by allying themselves to Huscars faction the Spanish were able to walk into Cuzco and loot whatever had been left behind after Atahualpas ransom had been paid. General Quisquis eventually saw the danger posed by the Spanish and rebelled, but his revolt was put down. Rumià ±ahui bravely defended the north, fighting the invaders every step of the way, but superior Spanish military technology and tactics, along with allies including the Caà ±ari, doomed the resistance from the start. Even years after their deaths, the Spanish were using the Atahualpa-Huscar civil war to their advantage. After the conquest of the Inca, many people back in Spain began wondering what Atahualpa had done to deserve being kidnapped and murdered by the Spanish, and why Pizarro had invaded Peru in the first place. Fortunately for the Spanish, Huscar had been the elder of the brothers, which allowed the Spanish (who practiced primogeniture) to assert that Atahualpa had usurped his brothers throne and was therefore fair game for Spanish who only wanted to set things right and avenge poor Huscar, who no Spaniard ever met. This smear campaign against Atahualpa was led by pro-conquest Spanish writers such as Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa. The rivalry between Atahualpa and Huscar survives to this day. Ask anyone from Quito about it and theyll tell you that Atahualpa was the legitimate one and Huscar the usurper: they tell the story vice versa in Cuzco. In Peru, in the nineteenth century, they christened a mighty new warship Huscar, whereas in Quito you can take in a  fà ºtbol  game at the national stadium: Estadio Olà ­mpico Atahualpa. Sources Hemming, John.  The Conquest of the Inca  London: Pan Books, 2004 (original 1970).Herring, Hubert.  A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.

Concept of Personal Selling Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Concept of Personal Selling - Assignment Example This aspect of selling scenario is perceived to be the most difficult, but very important in healthcare marketing. This aspect becomes more important with international sales representatives developing new businesses for their clinics as well as competing for well paying patients. Therefore, new business selling is much important as it enables clinics to receive more income from more paying clienteles. Trade selling is concerned with gaining support of the intermediaries about the products of the company. Mostly, the sales force normally makes calls to the retailers or the wholesalers about the company products. This is normally to attract more business through requesting for referral physicians. This is to ensure that high quality health care services are offered by highly qualified physicians. The missionary task on this setup is to sustain the business from the existing customers. It is normally rated the least risky method to attain high return levels on investments, hence preferably by many companies. Many companies use missionary selling and regard it as their primary activity in the company (Neil, 2012). Healthcare marketing is taking a new focus through e-detailing for instance; there is the use of e-detailing in pharmaceutical products. Pharmaceutical products can be done by doctors to medical representatives and this action is believed to fetch the largest return on marketing investments by many pharmaceutical companies all over the world. However, the pharmaceutical players across the world are experiencing that the cost to product detailing by the medical representatives are do not actually payback to favorable returns in terms of the financial results involved.

VP candidates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

VP candidates - Essay Example This would result in Medicare going bankrupt by 2016, and this shows that they do not want to preserve Medicare at all. Biden claims that their new plan will be called voucher care. Biden then continues to attack Republicans by putting down their idea of needing to act now. They want to reduce the national debt, but they have rejected all proposals brought forward by the Democrats. Biden finishes on the same theme of courage by saying that the Republican plan is not courage and it is not fair. Joe Biden seems to be Obama’s attack dog in that all he ever does is come out and criticize Republicans. This speech showed that he did not offer any way forward and only dismissed the Republicans’ claims. Paul Ryan begins by saying that American values remain as strong as they were during the days of the founding fathers. He also says that Republicans’ rights come from nature and god and not from government. Going back to his theme of the founding fathers, Ryan says that the nation’s founding father secured these rights and it is up to people today to uphold those ideals. Ryan also says that we have the right to choose our own leaders. Something interesting that he says is that he refers to â€Å"you,† which is something that Biden did not do when speaking. Other values that Ryan talks about include leadership and responsibility. A stark contrast is made over the issues of America’s founding principles. Ryan says that Republicans will reapply the founding principles while, without referring to them by name, Ryan says that the Democrats will replace America’s founding principles. Ryan uses repetition at one stage to get a point across (he repeats the words ‘we can do this’ over and over again). Ryan then makes an appeal for everyone to work together to build a better future, and he says that Romney and himself will do just that. Paul Ryan came across as a